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How have people's lives changed in living memory?

The Great Fire of London

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History

Y2 History

Key Stage 1

Year 2

Y1 History

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In this lesson, we will learn what Apartheid is and where and when it happened. We will learn what the Apartheid laws meant for black people and will look at some examples of how Apartheid affected black people's lives.

What was Apartheid?

﻿Hi there, everyone. It's really nice to see you. How are you doing today? Great. My name is Miss Emms and welcome to a history lesson with me. In today's lesson, we are going to be answering the following key question. we are going to be learning about something called apartheid. And our key question is what was apartheid? This is lesson one of three in the unit when we think about why we celebrate Mandela day, and you are learning with me Miss Emms. In today's lesson, we're going to start off with our star words. So words that are really important for today's lesson. Then we're going to think about where apartheid happened, followed by when apartheid happened. And then we're going to think about what was apartheid. And we're going to have a look at some examples of things that happened under the apartheid laws. Finally, it will be time for your end of lesson quiz. And that will happen after we have done the rest of our learning. In this lesson, you're going to need three things. You are going to need some paper, you're going to need a pencil and you're going to need your brain. Your brain is going to have to work really hard in this lesson, your brains already there you don't need to go and get it. You do need to go and get your paper and your pencil. So pause the video now and go and get the things that you need so that you're ready. Pause now. Great, well done every one. So let's have a look at our Star words is the important words that we need to understand so that we can do today's lesson, my turn your turn. Star words, star words, star words. Right. Our first star word is apartheid? Your turn. We are going to learn in this lesson what apartheid means. So we're not going to cover that just yet. South Africa Your turn. Right. South Africa is where we are going to be talking about today. Okay. Laws. Right. You may have heard of the word laws before. Every country has lots of laws. They're basically rules that people have to follow. Equal. Amazing. If people are equal then they are treated in the same way. And today we're going to learn about how a very important person called Nelson Mandela wanted black South Africans and white South Africans to be equal to be treated fairly and equally, my turn your turn equal Right, well done. So where did this happen? The apartheid laws were made in South Africa, in a country called South Africa. So here you can see the country South Africa. Can you point on your screen to the country South Africa, get your pointy finger and point to the country. Well done. If you're learning from the United Kingdom, then you can see the United Kingdom up here. That's where I am teaching from today I am teaching from London in the United Kingdom. Okay, let's move on. So, South Africa and When did it happen? Let's have a look at this timeline to help us think about when the apartheid laws were made. You can see that today we are in the year 2020. So here we are at the end of the timeline 2000 this here, and this is when Miss Emms me, This is when I was born. So in the context of this timeline not very long ago. My grandmother, my granny was born around here. Okay, so closer to the beginning of the timeline, which starts at 1900. And this is the important data 1948. This is when the apartheid laws were made. 1948. In? Great, well done. So apartheid was a collection of laws that separated black people and white people. I'm going to say that again, my turn your turn apartheid. Apartheid was a collection of laws that separated black people and white people in South Africa. And these laws happened in 1948 in South Africa. Okay? I would like you to tell your screen now, in which country did apartheid happen? Apartheid happens in, tell your screen. Good, apartheid happens in South Africa. And when with the apartheid laws made? Option one 1938 option two 1948 option three 1950. With your pointing pointy finger Now, can you point to the correct answer? Which, which year were the In which year with the apartheid laws made? Point to what you think was it 1930 1948 or 1950. If you're pointing to 1948 option two, then you are correct. The apartheid laws were made in 1948. In South Africa. The apartheid laws were made in the year? 1948 in the country, South Africa. Well done. So what was apartheid? Apartheid, as we looked at earlier, as we heard earlier, was a collection of laws that separated black people and white people. And the laws stated that black people and white people were not equal. The laws stated that black people and white people did not. So black Sorry, I'm miss I'm just going to say that again. The law stated that black people did not have the same rights and opportunities as white people. Okay. Let's think carefully about the definition of rights and opportunities. A right is a moral or legal entitlement to have or to do something on moral or legal entitlement to have or to do something and an opportunity. It's time of set of circumstances that makes it possible to do something. So these laws stated that black people did not have the same rights and opportunities as white people. Let's have a look at some examples of what the laws stated. The law stated that black people were not allowed to live and work in the same areas as white people. So before apartheid before 1948 when the laws were made, black people and white people lived in the same areas, but after apartheid or when the apartheid laws came into effect, this meant that black people were forced to leave their homes and live in specific areas called townships. What are the specific areas called? Townships. Okay, so they were forced to leave their homes. Voting. Black people were not allowed to vote for the people in power. Okay. So now in in this country, We are all when you are above the age of 18 allowed to vote for the people who are going to be in power for the people in the government. But the apartheid laws meant that black people in South Africa were not allowed to vote for the people in power. So just to recap, black people were not allowed to live in work in the same areas as white people. And they were not allowed to vote for the people in power, living work and voting. Also, black people are not allowed to attend the same schools as white people. And one of the problems that that came from this is that the scores for black people were generally not as good as the schools for whites people. Okay. So we've got three areas there. Living and Working. Black people were not allowed to live in work in the same areas as white people and have to leave their homes to live in townships. Voting. So black people were not allowed to vote for the people in power. And schools, black people were not allowed to attend the same schools as white people. And as we said, this was a problem because black, the schools for black people were not as good generally as the schools for white people. Okay. So, I would like you to use the images to help the images below and they're going to help you complete the sentences. So the first thing we covered black people were not allowed too. And the second thing we covered black people were not allowed to use the picture to help you. And the third thing we covered black people were not allowed to use that image to help you. I want you to find get your pencil now and your piece of paper. And I would like you to try and continue those sentences using those images. Pause the video now to complete your task. Right, well done. So to recap, the first one, black people were not allowed to live in work in the same places as white people. Black people were not allowed to vote for the people in power. And as well as the problem of black people not being announced to attend the same schools as white people, which in itself, we will learn that Nelson Mandela and lots of other people, but it was really unfair. As he did with all of these problems. And another problem to add to that, is that these schools for black people were genuinely not as good as the schools for white people. Pause the video now if you need to tick and fix your answers. Great, well done. Okay, everyone, really great learning today you have concentrated really, really well. You've tried really hard, and I'm feeling really proud of you. And I hope that you're looking forward to our next lesson with me Miss Emms, and it's going to be time at the end of this video to complete your End of lesson quiz. Well done on all of your really hard work today. And I will see you next time. Bye, everyone.

In this lesson, we will learn about Nelson Mandela. We will begin by learning about his life and who he was. We will then move on to learning about what he wanted to achieve.

Who was Nelson Mandela and what did he want to achieve?

﻿Hi everyone, nice to see you. How are you today? Great, welcome to another history lesson with me, Miss Emms, let's get started. In today's lesson, this is our key question, who was Nelson Mandela and he wants to achieve? And this is lesson two of three, with me Miss Emms. It's important that you've had a go at watching the video for lesson number one, where we learned about apartheid. And it's really important that you have that information in your head before you have a go at completing this lesson. If you have had a look at that lesson, then you're in the right place, let's get started. So first things first, we're going to have a look at our star words. So our key words that are going to be really important for our understanding in this lesson. After that we'll have a bit of a recap and these questions will make you think hard about the learning that you've done in lesson one. Then we going to answer the question, who was Nelson Mandela? Before moving on to thinking about what he wanted to achieve. So who was he, a little bit about his life and what did he want to achieve? What did he want to accomplish or do? And finally, there will be an end of lesson quiz again, to help you think about your learning to see what you've been able to remember from the lesson. So you'll need three things in this lesson, you will need some paper, you'll need the pencil and you will need your brain. Make sure your brain's working nice and hard. Give your brain a little rub for me, well done. If you need to go and get your paper or your pencil then now's the time to do it. So pause the video and go and get those two things. Ready? Pause now. Great, well done. Now you all set and you're ready to start your learning. Lets have a look at our star words. My turn, your turn, star words, star words, star words. Great, our star word is apartheid, your turn. Now you should know already what's apartheid means from the first lesson, from lesson one. I'm not going to tell you because we're going to recap that at the beginning of today's lesson. South Africa, your turn. Great, and we learned that that is where the apartheid laws were made in the country, South Africa, and our lost starboard is Nelson Mandela, your turn. Nelson Mandela is who we're going to be learning about today and the units of learning is all about why we celebrate Mandela Day. So Nelson Mandela is a really important person that we're going to be learning about in this lesson. I would like you to quickly pause the video as a recap and you're going to tell your screen in which country did apartheid happen? You going to say apartheid happens in, tell your screen, go. Great, apartheid happened in South Africa, apartheid happened in South Africa. Just to reminder, here's our map as we saw in lesson one and you can see South Africa here, there is South Africa. And a reminder of our timeline, so you know that in 1948, that is when the apartheid laws were made. So here's today, here's roughly when I was born, here is roughly when my granny was born, and here's when the apartheid laws were made in 1948, in the year 1948. I want you to put your finger on the correct option. When would the apartheid laws made? 1938, 1948 or 1950? Have your finger on option one, two or three now. Great, hopefully you had your finger on 1948. So we are not sure we know that the apartheid laws happened in South Africa in 1948. I want you as a quick recap before we start the learning for this lesson, thinking back to last lesson, is important that we recap these three points. So using the images I want you to complete the sentences. Black people were not allowed to... Black people were not allowed to... And black people were not allowed to... Use these three images to help you to explain the three things that we learned about that black people were not allowed to do under the apartheid laws. Pause the video and you can just say it to your screen now, off you go. Great, well done. So to correct, black people were not allowed to live and work in the same places as white people, were not allowed to vote for the people in power and we're not allowed to attend the same schools as white people. And you may remember that we said in last lesson, that another problem that arose from that is that the schools that black people attended were not generally as good as those for white people. Let's move on today's learning, who was Nelson Mandela? Let's say his name together so we practising his name, Nelson Mandela, your turn. Great, whenever we come across a new person or a new place, it's really important that we practise that vocabulary, Nelson Mandela. Now Nelson Mandela was a really important person. And he is really important to the learning in this unit. Here is a picture of Nelson Mandela. So Nelson Mandela was born on the 18th of July, 1918, and he was born in Mvezo in South Africa. Here is a little picture that shows you where Mvezo is in South Africa. So where the little red Mark is that is where Nelson Mandela was born. So Nelson Mandela was thought to be one of the most important and influential leaders of our time. Influential means when you have a really big influence on someone or something, and you're able to affect development of someone's character or behaviour. So you are able to inspire change and have lots of influence. And that means that he did some really important things. So he's thought to be one of the most important and influential leaders of our time. Nelson Mandela wanted all South Africans to be treated equally and fairly. And in lesson one, we looked at the star word equal. He wanted everyone in South Africa to be treated equally and fairly. And as you know already the apartheid laws meant that black people and white people in South Africa were not treated equally. He wanted everyone to be equal, whether they were black or white. He didn't want the colour of your skin to affect whether you were treated equally and fairly. Nelson Mandela thought it was unfair and not right for people to be treated differently based on the colour of their skin. And he thought that it was not fair that black South Africans were treated so differently from white South Africans under the apartheid laws. So already had a thing, we've already learned about what some of those laws meant. We learned that those laws meant that black people in South Africa were not allowed to live, work in the same place as white people, vote or attend the same schools. And these are just some examples, and Nelson Mandela believed that this was not fair. He wanted everyone to be equal. Now I would like you to pause the video in a second and you're going to complete the following answer question. What did Nelson Mandela believe? And you're going to use the speech bubble to help you. So Nelson Mandela believed all people should be treated "mm". He did not agree with that "mm" laws. Can you find the two missing words in those sentences Pause the video now and tell your screen. Great, Nelson Mandela believed all people should be treated equally. He all fairly you could have had as well. He did not agree with the apartheid laws. So you should have had equally and apartheid. Lots of people supported Nelson Mandela, and they knew that the apartheid laws were wrong. Lots of people. But the people in charge, the government did not want to change the laws. From one hand, you've got lots of people who support Nelson Mandela, and they knew that these laws, these apartheid laws were wrong. But the government, the people in shot who made the laws did not want to change them. So the government wanted black and white people in South Africa to be separated. The government wanted black and white people in South Africa to be separated as the apartheid laws enforced. But Nelson Mandela wanted equality. That means he wanted black and white people to be equal. So you can see here, that what the government wanted was different to what Nelson Mandela wanted. I would like you to pause the video now, and you're going to say true or false. The government wanted all people to be treated equally, true or false? Show me this for truth and this for false. The government wanted all people to be treated equally is not true, it's false. The government wanted black and white people to be separated. Nelson Mandela wanted black and white people to be treated equally, so this statement is false. Well done if you've got it, and if you didn't, don't worry. We know that making mistakes helps our brains to grow and helps us to become better learners. The government was worried about how much support Nelson Mandela was gaining. He was gaining lots of support, that means lots of people agreed with him and supported his views. The government sent Nelson Mandela to prison because they were worried about how much support he was getting. So they sent him away to jail or to prison. Nelson Mandela spent 27 years in prison, that's a long time, 27 years in prison. Why did the governments and Nelson Mandela to prison? Option one, he committed a crime, option two, they were worried about the amount of support Mandela was getting. Can you point to the option that you think is correct, off you go. Did you get option two? Right, they were worried about the amount of support Mandela was getting, it wasn't because he had committed a crime. And how long did Nelson Mandela spend in prison? He spent... You're going to write down your sentence. Nelson Mandela spent "mm" years in prison. Write it down, pause now. Nelson Mandela spent 27 years in prison. Take off it's your answer 27 years. Okay everyone, and next, it's going to be time for your end of lesson quiz. Today we've learned about who Nelson Mandela was and why he was so important, what he wanted to achieve. In the next lesson, in lesson three, we are going to learn about the impact that Nelson Mandela has had and the changes that have come about because of Nelson Mandela. I am really impressed with how hard you have worked today. You have tried so hard and you should feel really proud. Can you give me a high 10? Let me go off this screen, so in big screens, we can have a high 10. And that means you get your hands ready like this, and you're going to go like that as if we are giving each other a high 10. Three, two, one, well don everyone, great learning today, you've tried so hard. And I will see you next time, bye.

In this lesson, we will learn about the impact that Nelson Mandela has had. We will begin by learning about why he was released from prison, before moving on to learn about his achievements after he came out of prison. We'll learn about how his efforts to bring about change are recognised and celebrated.

What impact has Nelson Mandela had?

﻿Hi everyone, it's nice to see you. Welcome to today's lesson with me, Miss Emms. It's a history lesson and I'm really excited to be here with you looking at this question today. Let's have a look straight away at our key question for today's lesson. So, in this lesson we are going to be answering this key question: What impact has Nelson Mandela had? And this is lesson three of three with me, Miss Emms. It's really important that you've had a go at completing lessons one and two. In lesson one, our key question was: What was apartheid? We learned when and where the apartheid laws were made and in lesson two we learned all about the very important person, Nelson Mandela. We learned who he was and what he wanted to achieve. Today, we're going to learn about the impact that he has had. So, our star words are going to be the first thing that we do in today's lesson, followed by a recap of the previous lesson's learning. Then we're going to think about Nelson Mandela's release from prison, before moving on to talking about the election and some of his other achievements. And finally, it will be time for the end of lesson quiz. So, you're going to need three things in this lesson. Firstly, some paper. Secondly, a pencil. And thirdly, most importantly, your brain switched on and ready to go. Now you've got that there. You need to go and get your paper and your pencil. So pause the video now, and go and get yourself ready by getting your paper and your pencil. Off you go, pause now. Great, well done everyone. Now you're ready, let's get started. Let's have a look at our star words. My turn, your turn. Star words, star words, star words! Great, well done. Apartheid. We've learned about apartheid and the apartheid laws in lessons one and two, okay? We know that the apartheid law-- apartheid was a collection of laws that separated black people and white people in South Africa. The next star word is South Africa. And we know that that's the country in which the apartheid laws were made. Our next star word is Nelson Mandela. We've already had a think about Nelson Mandela and who he was and what he wanted to achieve. We know that he wanted everyone in South Africa, whether they were black or white, to be equal and to be treated fairly and equally. President, your turn. A president is someone who is in charge of the country. Okay? So we are going to learn about who is the president of South Africa at the time and we're going to learn about Nelson Mandela becoming president after he comes out of prison. Election. An election is where people in a country vote for who they want to be in charge, for who they want to be in power, okay? So, a quick recap. I want you, using these two key words, equal and separated, to complete the sentences. The government wanted black and white people to be ____? Great, the government wanted black and white people to be separated. Nelson Mandela wanted black and white people to be ____? Equal, well done! To be equal, great job! Why did the government send Nelson Mandela to prison? Was it because he had committed a crime? Or was it because they were worried about the amount of support Mandela was getting? Put your finger on the correct answer, option one or option two. Great, hopefully you put your finger on option two. They were worried about the amount of support that Mandela was getting. It wasn't because he had committed a crime. And finally, up for our recap. How long did Nelson Mandela spend in prison? Nelson Mandela spent ____ years in prison. Can you remember how long he spent in prison? Write it down or tell your screen if you can. Did you get it? It was 27 years. Don't worry if you weren't able to remember. You can write it down now: 27 years in prison. Great! So, let's have a think now about Nelson Mandela's release from prison. He spent 27 years in prison. That's a really long time to be in prison, to be in jail. Why was he released from prison? So we know why he went into prison but why was he released? There were a few reasons. Firstly, lots of black people and white people felt angry with the apartheid laws and with the leaders of South Africa who kept the laws in place. They wanted the laws to change. They felt angry at the leaders of South Africa who kept these laws in place. The second reason was that leaders from around the world did not agree with the apartheid laws and they wanted them to change. So leaders from around the world put pressure on South African leaders and told them that they wanted these laws to change. And thirdly, a man named-- his name is Frederik, but we're going to-- his full name is F.W. de Klerk, was the president of South Africa at the time. Here is a picture of him on your screen. Now he was worried that people would start physically fighting to end apartheid and he did not want that to happen. He made the decision to release Nelson Mandela from prison. Okay? I wonder if you can remember those three reasons. Can you remember the three main reasons why Nelson Mandela was released from prison? You're going to use these images here to help you. So, who was angry and what were they angry about? Leaders from where wanted the laws to change and this man, you don't need to remember his name, he was the president. What did he do? Write down your three reasons on your piece of paper. Off you go, pause now. Great, well done! Let's recap. You don't need to have written down the exact reasons, let's see if you were able to remember. You can tick or fix. The first reason was that lots of black people and white people, so everyone, lots of people, not just black people, not just white people, lots of black people and white people felt angry. And what were they angry at? They were angry at the apartheid laws and the leaders of South Africa. That was the first reason. Leaders from around the world did not agree with the apartheid laws and they wanted them to change. That was the second reason. And the third reason is that F.W. de Klerk, Frederik, was the president of South Africa at the time, so he was worried that people would start fighting to end apartheid, physically fighting. So he decided to release Nelson Mandela from prison. So, Nelson Mandela was released from prison. What happened next? So, F.W. de Klerk and Nelson Mandela decided, well they worked together to end apartheid. So both of them made efforts to work together to end apartheid to stop the laws from being in place. What happened next? In 1994, there was an election. Remember, election was one of our star words and we know that an election is where people vote for who they want to be in power, for who they want to make the laws and to be in charge. And we know that under the apartheid laws, black people had not been allowed to vote in elections. In 1994, black people were allowed to vote. That's one of the big changes that came about when the apartheid laws ended. What happened in 1994? Tell your screen: "In 1994, there was an ____?" There was an election. Well done if you got that right! There was an election and were black people allowed to vote? Yes, they were. Nelson Mandela became the president of South Africa. Okay? So we know that this man, Frederik, F.W. de Klerk, was the president but in 1994 when the election took place, Nelson Mandela was voted to be president of South Africa and that was a really important achievement. He became president of South Africa. And when he was president of South Africa, he continued to fight for equality, okay? So he didn't stop because things weren't complete, things weren't equal, okay? So he wanted to continue fighting and making sure that in South Africa, black people and white people were treated fairly and equally. He also won a very special prize. He won the Nobel Peace Prize in 1993 and he won this for his lifelong efforts. That means, he didn't just spend a little bit of his life trying to make life in South Africa fairer for everyone, he spent all of his life, a really long time, making sure, trying to make sure that life in South Africa became fairer for everyone. And that's what he was given the Nobel Peace Prize for. As a recognition of his amazing efforts. So, why did Nelson Mandela win the Nobel Peace Prize? Can you write down an answer? Nelson Mandela won the Nobel Peace Prize for ____? Go, pause the video and write down that sentence with an answer. Great, well done! Hopefully you've got something like: "Nelson Mandela won the Nobel Peace Prize for "and then, his lifelong efforts or just his efforts "or trying to make life in South Africa "fairer for everyone." So, there is something very special called Mandela Day. Mandela Day is a day where we celebrate Nelson Mandela and we celebrate this day on the 18th of July. And this was Nelson Mandela's birthday, that's why we celebrate it on the 18th of July. And it's an opportunity, a chance, to remember how he took action and led to great change. So on this day, we can remember all of the efforts that Nelson Mandela made to take action because he really cared. And to make sure that things changed, to make sure that things became much more fair, much fairer for everyone. For black people and white people in South Africa. Why do we celebrate Mandela Day? I want you to tell your screen: "We celebrate Mandela day because ____" Tell your screen. Great, we celebrate Mandela Day because we're celebrating Nelson Mandela and all of his efforts to make things fairer for black people and white people in South Africa. Do you remember how he took action and led to change? Great, well done everyone! It's going to be time for your end of lesson quiz next, when you can think about your learning from this lesson and see what you can remember. You've done a really great job today. You should feel really proud of yourselves. Well done! If you'd like to share your work with Oak National, please ask your parent or carer, you must ask them to do it for you, to share your work on Instagram, Facebook, or Twitter, tagging @OakNational and #LearnwithOak. Well done on a great unit of learning! You've tried so hard. You've learned a lot and you've put in lots of effort. Well done! Can you give me a big high 10? Three, two, one. Bye, everyone. See you next time.

Unit Overview: Why do we celebrate Mandela Day?

Lessons:

What was Apartheid?

Who was Nelson Mandela and what did he want to achieve?

What impact has Nelson Mandela had?