How well does the media hold those in power to account?

How can we make a difference in society? Active citizenship project

What are the strengths and weaknesses of the UK democratic system?

What are the strengths and weaknesses of the legal system?

How does the economy work?

How does the UK still play a meaningful role in the international community?

How is UK society diverse and changing?

What is the nature of the British constitution ?

Why do we need the right to protest in democracy?

How do others govern?

Where does power reside in the UK?

Practising what we have learnt

What are our identities and communities?

Citizenship

Y11 Citizenship

Key Stage 4

Year 11

Identities and communities

THEME

UNIT

In this lesson, we will explore the meaning of identity.  We will look at how the concept of identity is shaped and how it can change.

What is identity and how can we be defined?

﻿Hello everybody, and welcome to the National Oak Academy, citizenship lessons. My name is Miss Elmi, I'll be your teacher over the next few weeks. And during this unit work, what we'll be exploring is concepts around identity diversity and the changing UK population. The key overarching question that we'll be looking at is how is the UK society so diverse and changing. So before we get into the lesson. I just want to make sure that you are ready to learn. That you are in a quiet space where you can focus. You have a pen and paper where you can make some notes and jot a few things down. So, like I mentioned, our overarching question that we're going to explore over this unit of work is how the UK is so diverse and changing. And within that, we're going to be looking at concepts such as identity, diversity community, and also the changing UK population. And what impact that has both in our local communities, but also in the wider national picture. So in today's lesson, we're going to be focusing on that first concept, which is identity. And so the title for today, is 'What is identity and can it be defined?' So by the end of today's lesson, I want you to be able to explain and define what identity means. what does it mean to you? and how is it shaped? and whether or not identity can change. These are the key concepts that we're going to be getting across in today's lesson. And by the end of this lesson, you should be able to explain what identity means, and how it can be shaped. So, how do we define identity? Now, sometimes it can be really complicated to really understand one's identity, because it's really personal, it's personal to an individual, but the clearest and easiest definition to really know is the following, so I'm going to read this out and I just want you to follow along and just jot down a few notes. Identity can be defined as who a person is, or the qualities of a person or group that make them different from others. Now, that is the Cambridge definition of identity. Identity can also be expanded and developed to mean the following: A person's identity can be defined in many ways. It is generally who someone is or how they see themselves, or how others see them. Now let's put that into a bit of context. So if identity means how you see yourself, or how others see you, then it leads to the question of what can shape that identity? What can shape who you are. There are several things that can shape who you are, and I've got here just a few examples of what they are. Your religion, whether you believe in a religion or you don't can shape your identity. The role you play within society, whether it's your job or career or your life as a student can also influence and shape who you are. Nation that you belong to, or the local or regional area that you live in can shape who you are. Your gender. Or your social identity, which is the things that you do, your hobbies, your interests, the people around you, can also influence and shape who you are. Your age can have a huge impact on that too. And also your culture and ethnicity. So all these things can influence and shape your identity. So if your identity is who you are, the things that inform that, are the things that are listed here. So if we look at me as an example, for instance. I can describe my identity down to several key things that have shaped it. For example, my religion, I'm a Muslim, I believe in Islam. And that has shaped me and informed who I am as a person and how I live my life. And also how I see myself, I'm also a black woman. Okay, So my race also has shaped who I am, and it's a huge part of my identity. I am Somali ethnically, and my parents and my heritage and culture originally, originated from Somalia. So that has also shaped who I am. Being a woman. And also some of my interest like sports. I really loved boxing, and that has influenced who I am. So all of these things have shaped my identity and how I see myself. But there are other aspects that can influence what shapes your identity or how others see you. For example, your role. The role that you play. I'm a teacher, teaching you guys citizenship here at National Oak. And that is part of my role. That means it's also part of my identity, I am an educator. And so some people might see me, or you might see me as your teacher, as an educator and that shapes my identity. So just to recap, identity is how you or others might see you. What shapes your identity are many things like your interests, your hobbies, your gender, your origin, your ethnic origin, culture, or where you live. Now, some of these things are things that we are born with. Some of these things are things that we learn and develop and grow up and are part of our surroundings. And this can be referred to as nature versus nurture. So what shapes and influences our identity could be from nature, the things that we are biologically born with. So for example, race. So I was born as a black woman and I identify with that gender. Okay. That I was born with, However, my upbringing, and how I was raised and how I was influenced, can also shape my identity. So for example, my culture and my heritage is things that I learned growing up from my family. So you can be influenced, your identity can be influenced, both by nature and also by nurture. The way you are raised and how you learn as you are growing up. Do we only have one identity? Okay. What do you think about that question and think about it for yourself. Do you only have one thing that influences who you are? Well, the answer to that question is no. We have multiple identities. So like I showed you, there are many things that shape who we are and how we see ourselves and how others see us. And those things influence our identity and shape how we see ourselves. So there, isn't just one singular thing that makes us who we are, or how we see ourselves. There are many things. We have multiple identities, multiple things that shape and influence identities and multiple ways that we see ourselves. I'm going to read this out, and as I read I just want you note down these key points. Most people have multiple identities. This is because our identity is shaped by many factors. So like I mentioned before, there are many things that influence our identity. Multiple identity means a person can take on different identities at different times and in different situations. For example, a person with an English mother and a Somali father may identify with both cultures. A person may also be British, Muslim with a Pakistani heritage. Similarly, how others see us can also shape and influence our identity. For example, a person's family identity may also be seen as both a mother and a daughter. So just to recap, identity is not singular, It's not one thing that shapes who you are and how you see yourself. It can be many things. Secondly your identity, does not stay the same, it can change over time. Okay? So you can have multiple identities that are shaped over time. And how others see you can also influence your identity. So for example, you could have a family identity. I am also a daughter. I have several brothers and sisters. And so they see me as their sister. And I see them as my brothers and sisters. And that family identity is also a part of my identity. So just want you to think about that. And now I want check, that you understood some of the core concepts. And I just want you to point to the screen, based on what you think is the correct answer. So true or false? A perfect of identity can be defined in many ways. It is generally who someone is or how they see themselves, or how others see them. If you think the statement is true, please point to the screen. I'm going to give you a second to do that. And the answer is true. You're absolutely right. Well done. Question number two, just to check that you understand some of that core concepts that I was trying to get across. True or false? A person's identity is shaped by one thing. Point to the screen. Okay. The correct answer is false. Most people have multiple identities. Okay, So it's not singular. It's not shaped by one thing. This is because our identity is shaped by many things. Again many factors influence who we are, how we see ourselves and how others see us. Now, this then leads me to the next question. Can our identity change? So I just want you to think about that question. Can our identity, how we see ourselves and how others see us change? Okay. Well, the answer again is yes. Identity can change. Most people's identity can change, and this is because identity is fluid and it's not fixed. It can change over time. So with time, our views, values and beliefs may change because of our experiences. For example, an individual may not have a religious belief at young age, but this may change as they get older. Also, as we begin to understand ourselves better, we may self identify with different things that shape our identity. For example, our gender. So just to clarify, our identity is not fixed, It's not static. So if you put it into your own personal perspective and ask yourself five years ago, was I the same person? Did I think in the same way? Did I act in the same way? Did I see myself in the same way? Most often I know, the answer is no. People change, and they often change due to experiences, and they change over time. Also, some of the things that naturally influence our identity, which many people see as fixed, for instance, it's not really fixed. We can self identify with things that we may naturally be born with. So biologically, you may be born into a particular sex but you identify with a particular gender. That means that aspect is fluid. It's not fixed. You can identify, and self identify with something different. Okay. So just to recap, identity is shaped by multiple things and not one thing. Two, your identity can change, Okay. How you see yourself and how others see you can change over time and it can change due to your experiences and due to self identifying with different things. Okay. So just to check your understanding, I want you to again, do this true false, point to the screen. A person's identity can never change? True or false. Point to the screen. The answer is false. Of course, identity can change because it is not fixed, it is fluid. Okay, well done. Now just to check your understanding, I want you to pause this video and complete this task. Complete this gaps fill by filling in the gaps with the missing words. Once you finished, come back to the task and we'll go through the answers. Brilliant. Well done, for giving that a go. Okay. So let's go through some of the missing words and where they were supposed to be placed. So I'll read this out loud and I just want you to check your work and make sure you've entered the correct words in the correct spaces. So just to remind you, how can your identity change? A person's identity can change over time. With time, views, values and beliefs may change because of our experiences. For example, an individual may not have a religious belief at a young age, but this may change as they age. As we begin to understand ourselves better, we may also self identify with different things that shape our identity. For example, our gender. Have you got all of those points, correct? If you have brilliant, if you haven't, don't worry, feel free to go back and check your answers, and have a go again. Okay and well done for completing that task and getting this far. So far we looked at identity, how it's shaped, knowing that is shaped through multiple ways and not one singular way. And we also explored how identities can change and we learnt that it can change over time through our experiences, through how we self identify with things. So now that we've learned that. I want us to apply our knowledge to two key questions. Okay, the two core questions of the lesson. So have a go at the following. Giving an example, explain how identities are shaped? Okay, How are identities shaped? Question two, Explain two ways in which individuals identities can change? So those are the two questions that you need to answer. Now the best way to do this. And I've given you some sentence starters to support, but the best way to do this is to ensure that you answer in full sentences. Okay. And you use some key terminology to support your answer. Secondly, both questions give a slight indication of what you need to do. So in question one, it asked for, ask you to give a specific example, so when you're talking about how identities are shaped, give an example of how it's shaped. And in question two, it's asking for you to explain two ways, not one, but two ways, Individual identities can change. So provide two explanation of how identities can change. So pause the video now and when you're done, come back and we'll go through the answers. So have a go, I'll see you in a minute. Okay. And welcome back. So let's go through some of those answers. So question one, was, giving an example, explain how are the identities are shaped? So a correct answer to this question is identities are shaped through our experiences such as our social interests like football. Now that is correct because it's identifying that through social interests, our identity can be influenced. Okay, so it's shaped through the things that we do, but a better answer and a more detailed answer that would have answered the question in what it demanded is the following: Our identity is shaped through the way we are brought up and our experiences. For example, our identity may be shaped by our religious beliefs, which may have been shaped by our upbringing. Now if you don't have that answer. Not to worry. Feel free to go back and try again. Okay. Or correct your answer with what is written down on your screen here. Okay. Question number two, explain two ways in which individual identities can change? Now correct answer is as follows, It can change over time through there own self identification. Now you would have got one Mark for that answer. Okay? Because the question asks for two ways. Now, while the is correct, it's not the best answer that can be given. A better answer is as follows. One way individual identity can change through time. This is because as people get older, their views, values, ideas and beliefs can change due to new experiences. Another way identity can change is through self identification. This is because as people begin to understand themselves better, how they see their self can change to. For example, biologically someone can be one gender, but later identify as another. Okay. And well done for getting this far. Now, just to recap on the key things that we learned in today's lesson. The four main key things were, what identity is? and what in terms of what it means and why it can be difficult to define. We also learn, I should be able to explain, how our identity is shaped and how it can change. Okay. So there are multiple things that shape our identity and our identity is not fixed, it's fluid, and it can change over time due to our experiences and how we self identify. So those were the key things that we learned today. And as we explore and go through unit of work, there's going to be so much more that we're going to build up. So keep your notes together. Come back next lesson. When we look at how the UK population is changing and why it's becoming so diverse. And until then, do make sure you go out and complete your quiz. And I look forward to seeing you all next lesson, take care. And don't forget to complete your quiz. Bye.

In this lesson, we will explore debates around identity in the UK and the ideas around a national identity. This lesson will also discuss the concept of British values.

What are the debates around identity in the UK?

﻿Hi everybody. And welcome to another citizenship lesson. My name is Ms. Elmi, and I'll be your teacher for today. And over this unit of work, we have six lessons that we're going to be exploring. Last lesson, we looked at identity, and we're going to take that a little bit further today. But before we get started, I just want to make sure that you have everything you need in front of you. You're in a quiet space where you can focus and concentrate. You have a pen, paper, where you can take some notes and just jot a few things down and complete the tasks. So I'm going to give you a few seconds just to do that. And when you're ready, just come back and we'll get started in today's lesson. Okay, so, let's get started. So like I said, over the course of this unit, we are exploring how the UK society is diverse and changing. And last lesson, we looked at identity. In particular, we focused on personal identity. In today's lesson, we're going to take that a bit broader, and we're going to look at the debates around identity in the UK. So, just to clarify on what we learned last lesson, was three, two really core concepts about identity. We learned that identity means who you are and how you see yourself and how others might see you. We also learned that identity can be shaped by many things. So we can have multiple identities. We also learned that identity is not fixed. It is fluid, it can change, and it can change over time due to experiences, due to how we self identify and it can change due to our age. So how, as we get older and experience more things, it can also change in that way. So we don't have one single identity. We have many things that can shape who we are and how we see ourselves, and that identity can change over time. So, in today's lesson, like I mentioned, we're going to broaden that concept out a little bit further, and we're going to talk about this idea of a national identity. And in this lesson, you will be able to explain what it means to be British and compare identities and cultures across the UK, and also understand how and why British values are important to shaping our national identity. So, to kind of make this a little bit clearer, okay, I want to ask this question. Am I British? And what makes me British? So, first of all, just to give you a little clarity on who I am and where I come from, I was born in Saudi Arabia. My parents and my heritage, however is Somali. So both of my parents were born in Somalia. I was born in Saudi Arabia and I came here when I was very young and I grew up here pretty much my entire life. I went to primary school, secondary school, university and now I teach here. I've lived all my life in London. And so I identify as being a Londoner quite a lot 'cause I love living in London. I have, I am a British citizen and I have a British passport. And that is basically my history. So, I want you to think about that concept. What makes me British? Is it the fact that I have a British passport? Or is it the fact that I've lived here all my life? Or that I can speak the language? Now, this is a really complicated question to ask and answer. Because I can identify myself as British, but how others see me may be different. So the question that we should think about is, is there a British identity? Now, this can be difficult to answer as there is not just one thing that contributes to a national identity. Like I said, for me, there are many things that contribute to my own personal identity and what makes me see myself as being British. It may not be where I was born but it's where I've grown up, it's what I've known my entire life. It's the local area I live in. It's the history that I know. So there's not one single thing that could say that, that makes me British is how I identify as being British. And so those characteristics can vary from region to region. It can also vary based on that region's history or culture or their own traditions. So, just to clarify, the British identity or national identity can really depend on these five following characteristics. And feel free to note these down. It can depend on history. It can depend on culture. It can depend on some traditions, language and the area or region you live in. Now, what are the debates about identity in the UK? Well, the UK is a multi nation state made up of four jurisdictions. England, Scotland, Wales, and Northern Ireland. Individuals may identify differently in relation to their UK identity. For example, they may consider themselves Scottish rather than British. Some factors that may be important to the person's national identity can include a shared history, culture, traditions, and languages. So just to clarify, there are debates about the national identity and those debates can be difficult to really pinpoint into one single thing. But fundamentally, it's important to know that the UK is diverse. It varies in terms of culture, history, traditions, and languages. And it's due to that diversity that makes the UK very unique. So to come back to this debate, we need to think about, what are those traditions, what are those histories, languages that exist in the UK? So if you look at, for example, England. So, if you look at debates about the English identity, we can see that it can include how far it may be seen as interchangeable with the British identity. And we know that the media often link English identity with cultures and traditions associated with the Brit, with politics or the monarchy. So some of the kind of stereotypical forms of identity that is linked to England are things like the Queen and certain foods like drinking tea, are the kind of generalised, stereotypical views, but it's much more diverse than those stereotypical views. For example, when we look at the different regions of England, we can see that there are different cultures and traditions that vary between regions. And there is a clear difference between traditions in the north and traditions in the south. Whether it's in relation to food, culture, values. Some of those things may differ from region to region. And the same can be said within Scotland, within Wales and within Northern Ireland. In Scotland, it's slightly different. Scotland has a history of self rule. And as a result, Scottish identity can include this desire for independence, which is why we saw in 2014, there was a referendum for independence where 44.7% voted to leave the United Kingdom. Scottish culture can often be linked to Scottish identity also. So some of those kind of traditional foods, music, clothing, such as bag pipes, kilts, or even from traditional celebrations like Burns Night, and St. Andrews Day, are very unique to Scotland's culture and Scottish identity. But Scotland too is very diverse from region to region. And its people is, are also diverse. So, I'm just going to pause there. So individuals may identify differently in relation to the UK. Some may identify with their regional rather than their national identity. True or false? Just point to the screen. Well done. The answer is true. The second question I want you to think about. The English identity is the same as the British identity. True or false? Point to the screen. Well done. The answer is false. And if you thought differently or when you got that one more, just remember, to some extent the English identity can be linked to a generalised view of the British identity. So things like the monarchy, politics, these things are general views of the British identity, but understand that cultural traditions and customs can vary between English regions. So some traditions may be different in the Northern region compared to the Southern region. Okay. So, what about Wales and Northern Ireland? Well, Wales is slightly unique. They place a historic importance in regards to the Welsh language. So Wales, unlike Scotland believe that what maintains their identity and their cultural heritage is their language. And for a long period of time, that language was kind of being washed away. And so in 1993, the Welsh Language Act was enacted. And this put Welsh on an equal standing with English in public sectors and it's taught in schools. So the Welsh language was an important part of their identity and cultural traditions of Wales. But Northern Ireland is different. Its history is different to Scotland and Wales. Historic factors such as the partition of Ireland when Northern Ireland became part of the UK in 1921, played a vital part. One of the reasons that led to this was due to the importance of religion in that region. People in Northern Ireland identified mainly as Protestant and in the Republic of Ireland, they identified as Catholic. Now that doesn't mean that people in Northern Ireland aren't Catholic. No. On the contrary, historic factors such as the partition of Ireland when Northern Ireland became part of the UK in 1921, that forms a part of the British, a part of the Northern Irish culture and part of their own identity. After years of conflict, due to religious, religious differences and political differences, Northern Ireland was established. I'm just going to pause there. And I want you to open up your worksheet one. I want you using that graphic organiser to complete the table, summarising some of the key points around identity in the UK. Now, I'm going to model for you what that should look like first. Okay? So, I have a first example that you could use. And then I want you to attempt independently to try to complete your graphic organiser for the rest. So as you can see on the worksheet, you can see Scotland is the jurisdiction we're focused on. And what you need to do is talk about the factors that may be important to a person's identity in Scotland. So a person's national identity in Scotland. So some points you could have mentioned. A factor that may be important to a person's identity in Scotland is the shared history. This idea of self rule. So you could have included historical importance to a person's national identity. So some examples that you can also note down is things like historical, historically, they were independent and may want Scotland to be independent again. Now, at the bottom, I outlined some of the key factors that you could use. So think about history, think about culture, think about tradition, language and region. So, pause the video here and complete the task. And when you finish, come back and we'll go through some of the points you could have mentioned. Okay, brilliant. So we've looked at Scotland. I want to just now give you some feedback in regards to the other jurisdictions. So, in England, some factors that might be important to an English identity would be things like the regional aspect and some cultural traditions. For example, food might be different in Southern parts of England compared to Northern parts of England. For Wales, you could have mentioned the language. So here I state the fact that there may be important to a person's identity in Wales is the language. So an example you could have mentioned here is that Welsh is taught in schools and is placed as equally important as English in most public sectors. And the fourth one is Northern Ireland. A factor that may be important to a person's identity in Northern Ireland is the history. An example you could have drawn on would be religion has been an important part in Northern Ireland's history. Okay. Now that we've looked at the debates and the differences around the different regions, and we've explored the fact that those regions are diverse, unique, and different. They're not all the same. What is it that unites us? What are the key things that bring these jurisdictions together to form the United Kingdom? So I want you to think about this question. What comes to mind when you think about British values? The question is, how and why are British values important to British identity? Okay. So have a think about that for a few minutes. Okay. So what might you think are British values? First of all, in order to understand this, we need to understand what values actually mean. So, just take a moment to note down the definition. Values, essentially mean the importance or worth of something. So good examples that link to values are things like honesty, integrity, respect. These are examples of values that people hold dear. People think respect is important. Integrity is important. Some were similar and so synonyms that you could use are things like ethics, importance, principles. And how would you use this in a sentence? I have an example here that you can note down, is we need to reassess our values as a nation. Okay? So what that's referring to, we need to reassess some of the things we feel are important as a nation. Okay. So if values mean the importance or worth of something, what do we mean by British values? So I called into the Department for Education, British values are four key things and beliefs. It's a belief in democracy, the rule of law, individual liberty and mutual respect. So what do they actually mean? Well, when we talk about democracy, we mean that people have a say and power is fairly distributed. So we live in a democratic society where power is distributed in this, and that power lies in the hands of people. We also believe in the rule of law and this ensures that we have a society that upholds justices and is safe. We believe in individual liberty. And this means that everyone's freedoms are protected and upheld, and people are treated equally no matter where they are from or what they believe. We believe in individual liberty. This means that everyone's freedoms are protected and upheld, and people are treated equally no matter where they are from or what they believe. And we also believe in mutual respect and tolerance. And that means it will build a more collaborative and cohesive community if there is respect for others and tolerance for different cultures, beliefs, and values. So, in the UK, whilst there are, there is this diverse, Britain that we live in, fundamentally, there are these shared values that we all have. Values such as democracy, and belief that power should be distributed and should be equally shared and people should be treated fairly. That the rule of law should apply to all. And that individual liberty and mutual respect should be upheld. And these values, some would argue, are not just British values but are universal values. They are values that a lot of liberal countries believe in. So, considering those aspects, do you think that these things could unite us? And some people argue, yes. If we hold onto these British values, these are the things that can unite the country and the nation. So, these are shared values that potentially can unite the diverse regions and jurisdictions and the diverse people that exist in the United Kingdom. It's the belief in these areas that bring people together. So with that in mind, let's apply what we have learned today. Okay? So, in a minute, I'm going to ask you to answer some comprehension questions, just to check your understanding and what you have learned in today's lesson. And when you're finished, I want you to come back and we're going to go through it together. So the key questions I want you to answer are as follows. They are on your screen, but they're also in your worksheets if you want to have a look at that. Please feel free to do so. And, in your answers, try to provide full answers where you use the question within your sentence, where it asks you to explain, you expand on your points. Now, pause the video and complete your task. And when you're finished, come back and we'll go through the answers. Okay. Brilliant. Well done for getting this far. Let's go through some of the answers. Question one was, explain two factors that may be important to a person's identity. So I'm just going to go through two possible answers that you could have given. One is a correct answer. And one is an answer that's a lot more developed. So the correct answer is one factor is shared history and another is a shared language. You've, what you see here are two factors that have been identified, which is great. They'll get that mark, but a better answer gives a little bit more detail and expands on those points. A better answer is one factor that is important to a person's identity is having a shared history. For example, in Northern Ireland, part of it's formation was due to the historic significance of religion. Another factor that is important to a person's identity is language. Shared language can form an important part of a person and nation's culture and identity. Wales is a good example where speaking Welsh for some people has become an important part of maintaining their cultural identity. Let's go onto question two. Explain how and why identity in UK can differ. The correct answer, because there are different cultures across the UK. A better answer, identity in UK can differ because the UK is made up of four jurisdictions, each with unique history, cultures, traditions, and language, which influence the identity of those living in those regions. For example, Scotland was once an independent nation. The historical significance of this can shape a person's sense of national identity, where they may identify as being Scottish rather than British. Question number three. Explain why British values are important. Correct answer. British values are fundamental to British society because they reflect a shared set of beliefs that can help to create a more cohesive society. Better answer. British values are important because they can help maintain fundamental principles, such as a belief in democracy, the rule of law, individual liberties, mutual respect and tolerance. These values are vital to ensuring a fair, just and cohesive society that helps unite a nation that is diverse. Question number four was a challenge question. How can British values be unifying? So correct answer. Because they are shared amongst all parts of the UK. A better answer. British values are unifying because they are also shared values and universal. Most countries and people would agree on the importance of these values and will seek to ensure they are upheld within society. While the UK may comprise of different nations with different histories, values, ideas, cultures, and languages, these values remain the same for all. So, we have now come to the end of our lesson. Well done for getting this far. Just to recap on what we have learned today. So, we have learned all about what it means to be British. Okay? We have also explored and it, and compared identities and cultures across the UK. And we learned that identities are not the same and that national identity and personal identities can differ. We also explored the importance of British values, how they can be unifying, even though we live in a very diverse and unique nation. So, now that we have come to the end of our lesson, I want you to just go ahead and complete the quiz and check that you understood everything from this lesson. And if there are areas that you got stuck, feel free just to go back and go through the content once more and use your worksheet to support you also. Well done for completing the lesson. And I will see you in the next one. Bye.

In this lesson, we will explore the changing UK population, in relation to its composition. This lesson will also explore the impact of a changing population on society.

How is the UK population changing?

﻿Hi everybody. And welcome back to another citizenship lesson with myself, Miss Elmi. Before we get started, I just want to make sure that you are ready to learn. So, make sure you're in a quiet space where you can focus and concentrate, make sure that you have a pen, notepad where you can just jot down some notes and complete task and that you are free from any distractions. If you've got your phone with you, just switch it off. Okay, so let's get started. In today's lesson we're going to be exploring how the UK population is changing, okay. Now, in previous lessons, we've looked at identity. How does this link to our overarching question? So our big topic question that we're looking at is how the UK society is diverse and changing. So we looked at how diversity exists within the UK based on the different nations' jurisdictions and their cultural and traditions and that national identity and how that is shaped. We looked at the personal identity and how that is shaped in terms of what that looks like, how it can change and how it can evolve. And in today's lesson, we're going to look more specifically and broadly around the UK population. By the end of this lesson, you should be able to explain how communities develop in the UK and how the composition of the population has changed over time. You should also be able to explain the impact of the changing UK population. So, how is the UK population changing? Well, I'll still read out this text aloud and I want you just to make some notes and we'll look at each of these areas in a little bit more detail. So, communities develop in the UK, as the composition of the population constantly changes in terms of age, ethnicity, religion and disability. Now those are the four categories we're going to be focused on in today's lesson, but there are a multitude of ways that the UK population changes. But for this lesson and the purpose of our outcomes today, we're going to just be looking at those four key elements. So, the changes in these areas have a profound impact. And the government has a responsibility to keep this in mind when developing policy and to consider the changing needs of the population as this will impact on plans and voting decisions. So what that essentially means is, as the UK population changes, the government too have to think about the impact that's going to have on their spending, the impact that's going to have in terms of community relations and the impact that's going to have on all the of public services. So let's look at age in a little bit more detail. How has age changed? Have look at this pyramid graph. And I want you to just analyse this graph. Okay. So in the middle I'm going to ask you to pause the video. This is also available on your worksheet. So, what do wee see from this graph? What does it make you think of? And what questions come to mind? So, I just want you to pause this video now. What is it that you're seeing? What does it make you think ? And what questions come to mind? Okay. So, let's talk through what we're seeing here. This is a pyramid graph which shows UK population and how that population is changing. And as we can see that the older you get, especially above the age of 90 onwards, that graph, that pyramid becomes a little bit more narrow. So it comes to a point. Now, we can see that the high of the population is in the age range of 60s, 70s plus. If you go lower down, we can see it's relatively level to middle ages, such as those 20 to 30 range. What do we learn from this? What does it tell us? Well, key thing that this graph is telling us is that we have an ageing population, meaning we have a population that is getting older and we have a younger generation in that population that is getting smaller. So why is this? Why is it that we have an ageing population and what could be the impact? So why do we have an ageing population? There are four key reasons. The first is that we have an improved healthcare. We have a National Health Service, which has improved the quality of healthcare in the UK. We have better nutrition. So we have a better understanding of what we should eat to improve our health and also we have a better standard of living, which means that we live for longer. But also there are lower birth rates. And there are many reasons why that is. Some could be that people are waiting longer to have children. So what is the impact of having an ageing population? There are several impacts to an ageing population. So feel free to note some of these impacts down. So, one of the impacts is that there are increased demands on the National Health Service. So for example, if we have more people in the population, that are getting older, they are more likely to have certain health needs and this to put a lot of pressure on National Health Service. It also increase costs on social care and the provisions are needed to look after those that are elderly. There are also costs in regards to pensions. Which means that actually when we give out pensions, it may mean that we have to give pensions for a longer period of time. But there are also some positives, okay. There are positive impacts to have an ageing population. One of the biggest benefits is the contributions that they give towards the economy. And how does that happen? It's through the family structure. Elderly individuals are able to support the family structure especially where there are working adults. There are also benefits within the volunteer sector and where we have older generation volunteering and supporting that volunteer sector a little bit more. So whilst there are some impacts, both economically and socially in regards to an ageing population, there are also some benefits to having an ageing population. Okay. I'm going to pause here and I want you to now, using your worksheet complete the following task, okay. So we've looked at how the population is changing. I now want you to explain that in your own words and talk about and note down the impact. So in this graphic organiser, I just want you to note down the reasons which has caused the population to change. And then the impact of that. Okay, welcome back. What about religion? How has religion changed in the UK? Well, we know that the main religion in the UK is Christianity, but the landscape of religion has changed. Statistics that exist, from 2001 to 2004. And these are official national statistics that were taken. We can see that there have been some changes in regards to religious belief and also non-belief. Religion is a protected characteristic. Meaning every individual has the right to believe and practise a religion of their choice and also have the right not to believe. Up to 71% of individuals identify with Christianity in 2001, but ten years down the line, we saw that number decrease, that percentage decrease. And we can now see that 59.5% of the population identify as Christian. But there have been slight changes in other religions. For example, as you can see from this. So, what has changed and why? Like I mentioned, we've seen a decrease in those identified as Christian and an increase in those identifying as Muslim, Hindu, Sikhism and others. So why, why is this, why have these changes occurred? Now, there are two reasons that can explain this. One could be conversions. Some people may have converted to those religions and identify with those religions. Similarly, some people may have unidentified with the Catholic religion and be, and do not adhere to any religions at all. So as you can see from the official statistics we see that there has been an increase in those that do not identify with every religious belief. Another reason for these changes can be attributed to also migration. When people from diverse backgrounds come into UK, that also brings in new cultures and new religions. What about ethnicity? Now, if you look at your worksheet one, you to see this graph in a little bit more detail, okay. Okay. So let's have a look at ethnicity. The UK has become more diverse to some extent. This is because there is a growth in dual heritage and multiple identities with parents of different ethnic background. If you look at this pie chart you can see that 86% of the UK population is White. Whereas 14% identify with an ethnic group. 8% identify as Asian British, 3% identify as Black British. 2% identify as mixed or having multiple ethnic backgrounds and 1% identify with other ethnic groups. So what has been the impact? With the increase in racial and religious diversity, there have been both challenges and also benefits. In 2013, the Home Office reported that there had been an increase in reported hate crime and discrimination. And over 100,000 recorded hate crimes in 2018 and 2019 were recorded by the police. This showed a 10% increase on the previous year. Similarly, ethnic minorities can be disproportionately impacted on issues such as education, health and crime. For example, according to the Runnymede Trust and government statistics, Black and ethnic minorities are disproportionately stopped and searched in comparison to their White counterparts. In 2018 and 2019, there were four stop and searches for every 1000 White people compared with 38 for every 1000 Black people. In more recent times we've seen that in regards to health Black and ethnic minorities have been disproportionately affected by coronavirus. And whilst government are looking into these statistics and trying to understand why this has occurred. This does show some glaring disparities. With that being said, there are also benefits. Diversity has brought about innovation and creativity as well as a better cultural understanding needed to create protection of minority rights. Now although we have looked at religion and ethnicity, and how the UK population in this regard is changing, I just want you to complete your graphic organiser and note down some of the key points. So, how has the population changed in regards to religion and ethnicity and has been the impact? Okay. Both positive and negative. Just note those two points down and pause the video now, and when you're ready come back and we'll look at the fourth category. Okay and welcome back. The last and final category that we want to look at is disability. How has the UK population changed in regards to disability? So we know that over 11 million people live with a disability, impairment or limited longterm illness in the UK. This increases with age, with over 45% of those that are disabled over the retirement age. So, what is the impact? Well, there are two impacts that have an increase in number of disabled individuals can have. The first in regards to benefits and social care. Benefits and social care costs is dependent on public funding. This can vary with different governments. Sometimes cuts can have a negative impact on those that require additional support. However, the UK Equality Act 2010 has enhanced protection for minority groups and those with disabilities. There is a culture of inclusivity that has developed and is continually evolving in the UK. So, a lot of this is because of the Equality Act. So we've seen that in the workplace, there have been provisions that have been put in place to support accessibility and achievement for those with disability. And so there has been some progress. Okay, I want you to pause the video here now, and I want you to complete the final section on your graphic organiser around disability. So how has population changed in regards to disability? And what has been the impact? And when you're done, come back and we'll go through all the answers, all the points that you could have mentioned. Okay and welcome back. Let's just go through some of the points that could have been mentioned. So, when we looked at age, we talked about the fact that there is a higher life expectancy leading to an ageing population. So that is a point you could have mentioned. Two, impacts you could have mentioned. Well, the demands of the public sector and a positive impact is that there is better social support networks for families and we've got especially working families. The next aspect we looked at was the religion. Increase in other faiths and decrease in Christianity was a key point that could have been mentioned here. So, what has been the impact? Well, there's a greater religious diversity across the UK. That is a positive thing because people can build mutual understanding and tolerance. Negative impact would be, increase in hate related incidences, such as Anti-Semitism and Islamophobia. Okay. Ethnicity, one of the key things we noted from the pie chart is that over 86% of the UK are ethnically White and other minorities make up a small but increasing part of the population. One of the impacts that we talked about was that ethnic minorities can be disproportionately impacted on issues such as education, health, crime, according to the Runnymede Trust. Disability was the final aspect that we looked at and we know that over 11 million people in the UK are disabled or live with an impairment. And those that are affected are more likely to be in retirement age. And the key mpact here was the introduction of the UK Equality Act which has enhanced certain protection for minority groups and those with disabilities. Okay so, I want you to think about this question. What is the impact of a changing UK population? Why does it matter? There are three key reasons to think about when you talk about the impact of a changing UK population. Reason number one is wealth distribution. Okay. The changing composition of the UK in particular, disability, age, impacts on the distribution of wealth. Okay. And so this correlate to, in terms of increased spending in regards to benefits and also inequalities in terms of income inequalities. The second aspect is there could lead to a resource scarcity. What that means is that if the population is increasing, this could have an impact on key public services such as housing, healthcare and education. It can also increase demands for charity services that meet those needs of citizens. So where the government or public sector may not be able to fully support that population, charities may have to step in to meet those needs. And that could really limit the resources that exist. And, the final impact is in regards to the diversity that exists within the UK. We know that the UK is very diverse in terms of its different jurisdictions and increased diversity has brought about new ideas and innovation, contributing positively to the workplace and society. Okay. Now I want you to apply what you have learned in today's lesson and answer the following question. Give an example and explain how the UK population has changed and its impact. And in your answer, I want you to make sure you give an example and use the question within your answer. Okay. Pause the video now and answer the question. And welcome back and let's go through what a good answer would look like. So you've got two potential answers here, the correct answer and even better answer. So, question number one was, to give an example and explain how the UK population has changed and its impact. One way the UK population has changed is through age. The UK has an ageing population, for example, data suggests that by 2041, 3.2 million people will be aged 85 and over. This will have an impact on public services. Better answer to this would be, one way the UK population has changed is through age. The UK has an ageing population which means that average life expectancy has increased. For example, data suggests that by 2041, 3.2 million people will be eight 85 and over. This could be attributed to better living standards and healthcare. Whilst having an ageing population can bring about a great benefit to family structure and social support, could also have an impact on public services like the NHS, and raise the cost of pensions for longer periods. Okay. I want you to check your answer next to those and make any corrections you see fit. So, what have we learned today? Okay. So what have we learned today? So in this, in today's lesson, we have gone through how communities develop in the UK and how the composition of the UK population has changed. We've also explored the impact of the change in the UK population. So, now that we have come to the end of this lesson, all I want you to do now is just go ahead and complete your quiz and come back next lesson where also will look at how the UK has become so diversed and some of the benefits and challenges of a diverse society. Okay, take care and I'll see you next lesson. Bye.

In this lesson, we will explore how and why the UK is so diverse, looking at the benefits and challenges of living in a diverse society. This lesson will also introduce the effects of immigration and its impact.

How diverse is UK society?

﻿Hello and welcome to another Citizenship lesson with me, Miss Elmi. How are you all doing? I hope you're all doing well. In today's lesson, we're going to be continuing with our unit of work that we've been looking at on how the U.K is diverse and changing. So before we get started, I just want to make sure that you have everything you need in front of you, that you have a pen, a paper, and you're on a quiet space where you can focus and concentrate. So I'll give you a few seconds just to get that sorted and if you have a phone near you just switch off so you're free from any distractions. Okay so if you're ready, let's get started in today's lesson. So like I mentioned, this is lesson four of six of our unit of Work, looking at how the U.K is diverse and changing. And in today's lesson, we will be exploring why the U.K is so diverse. Last lesson, what we learned was how communities developed in the U.K and how the composition of the population has changed. We also learned the impact of a changing U.K population and in today's lesson, what we need to do is just take that little bit further and explore how the U.K became so diverse, discussing the sources of migration that has led to the diversity of the U.K and from that, I want us to assess the benefits and challenges of diversity and immigration into the U.K. So what is diversity? Diversity is understanding that each individual is unique and recognising our individual differences. And the U.K is extremely diverse, it consists of different cultures, religions, languages, history as seen in the different jurisdictions across the U.K, as well as cities and towns. So diversity means the following, so just get your pen and make a note of this definition, diversity essentially means many different types of things, people or ideas so you can have diversity of people, you can also have diversity of thought, so diversity of different ideas. Examples of diversity can be in relation to ethnic diversity, gender diversity, social economic status is something that can be diverse also, religious diversity and political diversity. Some synonyms that you can use in alternative to using the word diversity are things like varied different, and how we could use this in a sentence is as follows, so for instance, does television adequately reflect the ethnic and cultural diversity of the country? So she's going to give you a seconds just to note down that definition, this is also available in your worksheet so if you don't have that time to do it now, you can also just go straight to your worksheet and print it off. So how did the U.K become so diverse? The U.K has come to be one of the most diverse states in Europe and this is due to many reasons, including the Roman invasion, where they brought over the first black migrants, the British empire, the transatlantic slave trade, the Irish famine, the Commonwealth and along with the Windrush immigration and also being part of the European Union and globally got through global migration. So these are the different ways the U.K has come to be diverse and we need to look at this in a little bit more detail, in a minute, I'm going to ask you to complete an activity and on your worksheet, you have a list of those reasons that I've just mentioned and how that describes the U.K becoming more diverse. All I would like you to do is looking at the timeline, I want you just to plot your examples down in chronological order, so I've got a model here for you and like I mentioned earlier, the Romans invasion brought about the first black people into Britain and so this is plotted in between 43 to 410 AD. I want you to have a look at the rest of those examples and plot them along the timeline. So just pause the video now and using your worksheet, review the different ways the U.K has become diverse and plot them into chronologic order along your timeline and when you're done, just come back and we'll go through some of those points. Okay and welcome back, okay so let's go over our timeline, so we've already plotted down the Roman invasion, which brought about the first black people to Britain, along with other individuals from across Europe and North Africa. The second point you could have plotted down was the transatlantic slave trade, which saw an increase in the diversity of the U.K because more African and African people arrived because of Britain's involvement in the transatlantic slave trade. Okay, the second point you could've put put down was around the 1700, where we saw greater diversity due to Britain's growing empire. Britain having connections with different parts of the world, so more migrants come to the U.K to trade, to build those trade relationships with Britain. And around 1840, we saw the first wave of Irish migrants coming into the U.K because of the Irish famine. Fast forward to the second world war, where we can see here that immigration increased due to people fleeing persecution by the Nazis. So we saw Jewish migrants coming to the U.K along with other migrants because of the second world war. So from '94, five to '97, when was so Commonwealth migration. Now the Commonwealth are the former colonies of Britain so they were part of the British empire and once they gained their independence, they built a working relationship with Britain and so we saw migrants come from the Commonwealth country to help rebuild Britain, post world war two and to fill some of the jobs and the skills gap, and so from 1946 to '97 to when we saw the wind rush of migrants coming from the Caribbean to fill some of those key jobs. Okay and from 1972 to the present age, due to Britain's involvement in the European Union, we saw European migrants come to the U.K to work and live. So these are some examples of how the U.K became so diverse. So I just want to check your understanding and see how much you've learned from this task,' so point to the screen in a minute, whether you think this statement is true or false, diverse racial and religious groups can be traced back to the Roman invasion, point to the screen in three, two, one, the answer is true, well done. Question number two, the majority of Afro-Caribbean communities came to the U.K during the Windrush post world war two, true or false, point to the screen in three, two, one, the answer is false, just remember many people from Afr0-Caribbean community came well before the wind rush and they settled and worked in the U.K and also served in the armed forces. So what has been the impact? Communities have continued to develop due to the social economic and political factors of migration, so we've seen the U.K change due to global migration, as well as due to migration within the U.K, and there have been some benefits and challenges to both living in a diverse nation and increased migration into the U.K. So what are the benefits and challenges of diversity in the U.K? Well, firstly let's look at some challenges, there have been, and there are still many challenges to live in a diverse society, racism, discrimination, prejudice are some examples of those challenges. Heightened tensions had been seen in the U.K post world war two, with migrant communities facing some of the most severe racism and discrimination. In the late '50s signs such as the one in the top left here were very common. And over the years we saw a series of race rise occur, most notably the 1958, Notting Hill race riot, which was sparked by a racially motivated attack on the Caribbean community, and in '95, we saw the tragic murder of Stephen Lawrence, which was racially motivated and took over 20 years to bring about justice. Similarly, post 9/11, we saw heightened rise in Islamophobia across Europe as well as a rise in antisemitism. More recently calls to challenge racism and discrimination has been brought to the forefront and this can be seen with the Black Lives Matter movement whose aim is to tackle some of the injustices and discrimination racism faced by the black community globally. So these are some of the challenges that we've seen over the years, but has there been progress, as you can see here, there are a series of laws that have been implemented to tackle some of these injustices, we had the Race Relations Act of 1976, The Sex Discrimination Act of 1975 and The Disability Discrimination Act of 1995, that was all enacted in order tackle some of the discrimination faced by those within the nine protected characteristics so age, sex, religion, et cetera, this was combinated and was brought together under one legislation and that was The Equality Act of 2010. We also saw the introduction of the Equal Pay Act to tackle some of the gender inequalities that existed in society, and the Human Rights Act of 1998 in order to ensure protection and rights for those within the minority groups. So there has been some progress in regards to the legislations that will have been introduced in order to tackle some of these injustices, but racism, discrimination, prejudice still exists today, which goes to, so that actually there is still much more work that needs to be done in order to build a more tolerant and cohesive society. So we've looked at some of the challenges, so what are some of the benefits to live in a diverse society? As you can see here, we have the Notting Hill carnival, as an example. Now the Notting Hill carnival was established in response to the race rise of 1958 in Notting Hill and the aim was to bring about unity, within the community, through celebrating the Caribbean culture, and now this is a good example of how communities can come together to tackle some of those injustices and some of those intolerant beliefs, by celebrating different cultures, you are also building mutual understanding and building mutual respect and tolerance, similarly diverse groups have contributed greatly to the wider community. They contribute greatly to our public services like the NHS and also benefit the wider cultural experiences from sports to the arts. So what are some of the benefits and some of the challenges to live in a diverse society? Feel free to note some of these points down. Diversity can foster new ideas and innovation, it can open up out minds to new and exciting experiences and to new ways of thinking. Having a diverse society can enrich the culture of a nation through food, music and art. It can build mutual understanding and respect, but there are some challenges, lack of integration, which means lack of mixing within society can lead to some communities being, and feeling isolated. Racism and discrimination may lead to some communities, not feeling safe or part of the wider society. So has immigration which has led to the increased diversity in the U.K, always been beneficial? Just to quickly recap, what do we mean by immigration? Immigration means moving into a country to live there permanently whereas emigration means moving out of your home country to live somewhere else permanently. So some people say yes, immigration has significantly benefited the wider society, both economically and socially. Economic migrants help the economy grow through work, tax and shopping. Migrants bring specialist skills. Diversity, tolerance and respect are enhanced through sharing of cultures and integration. And some people say no, there have been alarming challenges. Population growth can lead to demands on public services. Rates of pay may reduce if economic migrants work for lower wages and there can be tensions and rise in discrimination where there is diversity and increase immigration. So now that we've looked at some of the challenges and benefits of diversity and immigration, what I want us to do is apply our knowledge to these two following questions, what has been the impact of immigration on the diversity of the U.K? And the second question, is immigration more beneficial or more challenging? So I have some source here to support you answering those two questions and in your answer, I want you to make sure you write full sentences and use some of the key terminologies that we discussed like integration, diversity, community cohesion, those sorts of things into your answer. Pause the video now and go ahead and answer some of those questions and when you're ready, come back and we'll go through some of the answers. Okay and well done, so let's go through some of the answers that you could have noted down, what has been the impact on immigration on the diversity of the U.K? One impact of immigration has been on the cultural diversity of the U.K, there are now more people with different ethnicities cultures that live together in the U.K, this is because ethnic diversity can be traced back to the Roman invasion, which brought over the first back communities as workers from North Africa, where the Romans had territorial control, as well as through different forms of immigration. Now just check your response and if you've got similar points, brilliant, if not, you could add this to your answer. Question two, is immigration more beneficial or more challenging? Now this is your opinion okay? So you could argue that you think it is more beneficial or you can argue that actually it's more challenging and some points you could have included in your answer are things like, in terms of benefits, the economic benefits of having migrant-communities coming into the U.K, the skills benefit, so how it can fill some of the skills gap within our economy, and you could have included how it can enhance the cultural diversity and cultural experiences within Britain. Some things you could have talked about in terms of the challenges was the pressure on public services, as well as lower wages and also the racial and religious tensions that potentially could transpire to having a more diverse community. Okay and well done for getting this far, brilliant. Now let's just quickly recap on what we've learned today, we've looked at how the U.K has become so diverse and we've look at the waves of immigration that have taken place over the years that have led to the cultural diversity of the U.K. We've also explored some of the benefits and challenges to live in a diverse society. So we've now come to the end of the lesson, okay? And if you feel confident, go ahead and complete the quiz, if you're not sure on certain points, feel free to go back and just review some of the key points of the lesson, and I'll see you next lesson where we were looking at how mutual respect and tolerance can be achieved within a diverse community, take care and I'll see you next lesson.

In this lesson, we will explore the importance of mutual respect and tolerance and ways of building mutual understanding. This lesson will also introduce the impact of inequality and discrimination and ways to prevent it.

Is there mutual respect and understanding of diverse groups in the UK?

﻿Hi everybody and welcome back to another citizenship lesson with me Miss Elmi. This is lesson five of six of our unit of work, looking at how the UK society is so diverse and changing. Before we get started, I just want to make sure you are in a quiet space where you can focus and you have a pen, a paper, so you can note down some of the activities for today's lesson and that you are free from distraction. So if you've got your phone near you, just switch you off so that you're not distracted in today's lesson. If you're ready, let's get started. In today's lesson, our lesson title is: Is there mutual respect, understanding and tolerance for diverse groups in the UK. In the last lesson we learned: How the UK became so diverse. And over the course of the last few units, we've been exploring a range of ideas that link to diversity and changing UK population. So we looked at the concept of identity and how diverse the UK is in regard to its own national identity. We also explored how the UK population is changing in relation to age, ethnicity, religion and ability. And in the last lesson, we looked at how the UK became so diverse and multicultural and also looked at some of the benefits and challenges of diversity in the UK. In today's lesson, what we're going to be focusing on is understanding what we mean by mutual respect and tolerance and how that can lead to mutual understanding. So by the end of today's lesson, you should be able to explain the importance of mutual respect and tolerance and explain how mutual understanding underpins a democratic society and how it can be to a more cohesive community. We'll also be assessing the effects of inequality and discrimination and the role of the Equality Act in preventing discrimination in today's lesson. Without further ado, let's get into the lesson. What does mutual respect in a diverse society look like? While on your screen, you have a text here that just gives you an example and explanation and definition of mutual respect and tolerance. Now, I'm going to read this out. I just want you to note down some of the key points from this text. So what does mutual respect in a diverse society look like? Mutual respect is the reciprocal regard for the feeling, wishes or rights of others. Reciprocal means be done in return. So if you give respect, you might expect that respect in return. In contrast, tolerance is the willingness to accept behaviour and beliefs that are different from your own, although you might not agree with or approve of them. Both mutual respect and tolerance are essential to building a cohesive and inclusive society. Mutual respect creates the equality and courtesy needed for social cohesion, and tolerance enables the ability to be inclusive by accepting and living alongside others who hold beliefs or opinions you do not agree with. So essentially what that means is that in regards to mutual respect, it is transferable, meaning if you give respect, you might expect that respect in return, so use reciprocal, you expect it in return. For example, playing in a football match or any sporting activity will go and shake the hands of their opponents and the referee and they will expect them to shake their hand back as a form of respect. Similarly, in regards to tolerance, you may not agree with everybody that you know in terms of their ideas or their political beliefs, or general beliefs but you still treat them the same, you do not treat them differently just because of the ideas and the beliefs that they hold. So mutual respect is vital in a diverse society in order to ensure that people work collaboratively and live in harmony so that it is cohesive. And in order to bring about that cohesion, we need to show respect and tolerance to people from different backgrounds and different cultures and with different values and ideas. In order for those individuals to feel included and not feel excluded. I just want you to pause the video here now, and I want you in your own word explain the difference between mutual respect and tolerance. So what does mutual respect mean and how is different to tolerance? And note down an example for each and when you finish, come back to the video and we can review your points. Okay, and welcome back. I'm just going to go through some feedback, something you could have written in your response to this question. So what does mutual respect mean and how is it different to tolerance? So just to clarify, mutual respect means having regard for the feelings, wishes or rights of others. For example, at the beginning of most team sport matches, you'll see all the players line up and shake hands with one another, to acknowledge their equal standing as competitors and to show each other respect. Whereas tolerance is the willingness to accept behaviour and beliefs that are different from your own even though you might not agree. For example, you may disagree with someone's political views, but you do not treat them differently because of it. Mutual respect is a vital part of society, so is tolerance. And so when you have a diverse society like in the UK, it's important to ensure that there is respect and tolerance of these diverse groups in order to ensure that there is cohesion, in order to ensure that people can live in harmony. Now with that in mind, what happens if mutual respect is not shown? And what happens if tolerance is not shown? I just want to preference. The text we're about to read contains reference to sexuality. For some people, this will be a sensitive topic. If that applies to you, you may want to do the rest of this lesson with a trusted adult nearby who can support you. So lack of mutual respect and tolerance can lead to greater levels of inequality. And we've seen this in previous lessons where we talked about the challenges to live in in a diverse society. So the types of inequalities that you could see are within the protective characteristics like age, race, gender, sexual orientation and religion and I've noted down here, some few examples. For example, age. Some inequalities that we might see are things like ageism, for example, refusal to provide medical treatment to those aged 75 or over is a form of ageism, is a form of discriminating someone because of their age. Racism is another example of some inequalities that might exist within society. So suspecting individuals of a crime because of their race, which is called racial profiling is also an example of some of the inequalities that could exist within society if mutual respect and tolerance is not adhered to. Gender. So the gender pay gap is an example when men are paid or promoted more than women. And in society if that exists, that's also another example of an inequality that can take place if mutual respect for different genders and tolerance with different genders is not adhered to. Sexual orientation is another example of a protected characteristics where inequalities can transpire such as homophobia. For example, refusal to sell or bake a wedding cake for a gay or lesbian wedding is a form of homophobia and at times, this can create tensions within communities and those that identify with those characteristics. Religion is also an example of where inequalities can transpire if there is religious discrimination. For example in the workplace, not accommodating religious practise is a form of religious discrimination. I've given you a few examples of where discrimination and inequalities can transpire, especially if there is a lack of mutual respect and tolerance. How can we ensure that mutual respect is upheld in the UK and these protected characteristics are protected. There are three core ways. It can be done through laws, support for citizens or even through the courts. For example, as I've mentioned in previous lessons, the Equality Act 2010 was established in order to tackle any inequalities that exist within society, inequalities that effect minority groups in particular. So the Equality Act prevents discrimination and harassment and unfair treatment of individuals within the nine characteristics. The second point here is support for citizens. Where there are inequalities that transpire and forms of prejudice and discrimination, citizens can report this to the police and the police monitor and record forms of hate crimes that exists within society and how minorities are affected. There's also free legal advice to citizens that want to seek support in tackling some of these issues if they come across them. And the third is through the courts. Victims of discrimination can pursue complaints through the civil courts and take their case in order to get a remedy. It's not to say that in society, inequality does not exist just because we have laws. Inequality does exist, but a way to prevent that is to show that we have mutual respect and tolerance for minority groups. Now that can transpire in different ways and we have laws to ensure that minority groups are protected and where those laws don't fully protect them, there is support given to them so that they can have those laws enforced. Now that we understand how mutual respect is upheld and what mutual respect and tolerance looks like, I now I want you to check your understanding and point to the screen answering this question: How is mutual respect upheld as a central value in society? Is it A, through laws like the Equality Act of 2010? B, through not promoting diversity and multiculturalism or C, through limiting access to legal services? Just point to the screen and then I will reveal the answer. The correct answer is A. Well done if you've gotten that correct. So now that we had a look at mutual respect and tolerance and how that is upheld, in order to ensure that that is fully upheld, we need to develop mutual understanding. Mutual understanding is fundamental to a democratic society. So there are three essential concepts that underpin a democratic society when it comes to building mutual understanding. Those principles consist of diversity, integration, and community cohesion and how we can promote mutual understanding. So how we can promote forms of diversity and integration and community cohesion are through these following ways. So feel free to note these down. We can promote mutual understanding either through schools by teaching subjects just like citizenship and RE. We can promote it through assemblies by exploring different beliefs, cultures, values and ideas. We can celebrate different cultural groups, bringing different ethnicities and different religious and religious groups together to build mutual understanding through celebrations. Ceremonies like the Notting Hill carnival is a good example of where this has taken place. But there have been also other festivals. Eid in the Square is good example, is a festival that takes place every year in Trafalgar Square. And it's through integration. So in schools, we have very diverse schools where people from different cultures, backgrounds, ethnicities and abilities all integrate together, and we learn from each other through that integration. Similarly, there are many ways to promote mutual understanding. Such like I said through corporate activities and events in wider society is a good example. So like the Notting Hill carnival as I mentioned earlier. Community project that aims to incorporate the wider community are also good examples. And also having English language classes, people are able to communicate clearly will help build a more integrated and cohesive society. Those are the ways that we can build mutual understanding. And now I just want you to check that you understood that and answer this question by again pointing to the screen. How can schools encourage and promote mutual understanding? Is it A, by prioritising and focusing on core subjects. B, promoting and teaching subjects such as RE and citizenship. C, by promoting concepts of segregation, or D, by limiting cultural religious celebrations. Point to the screen now and well done. If you've gotten that right, the answer is B. In school, teaching of religious education and citizenship is a good way of building mutual understanding alongside peer education, so having diverse schools where individuals interact, mix and integrate helps build mutual understanding. Why do we need this? Why do we need mutual respect, tolerance and society to understand each other? The central aim of this is really to build community cohesion. So what does community cohesion actually mean and why is it important? Community cohesion describes the ability of all communities to function and grow in harmony together, rather than in conflict. This can include having one's identity recognised and feeling part of a shared community. So just note down that definition and just to clarify a few points. So community cohesion is really showing that a society can work and grow in harmony. And the way we achieve that is by recognising individual cultures and identities and being inclusive and not exclusive. So we make people feel part of that community. So we encourage mutual understanding, in order so people can live in harmony with respect for diversity and for each other. And there are examples whereby there is high levels of community cohesion, there are examples of low levels of community cohesion. So on our screen, we just have some examples noted down and feel free to note this down on your notepad. So some good examples of high levels of community cohesion are things like community projects where brings the community together. For example, wildfire. Lots of community members came together in order to provide services to those that were affected. Another example of high levels of community cohesion include tolerance of cultural and religious beliefs. Meaning, even though you may not agree with different religions or cultural practises, it's important to be able to be respectful to those groups despite those differences, despite those disagreements and do not treat them differently because of it. And that gives a sense of belonging to those communities, where they feel included within wider society and within the community, as well as celebrating diversity. Not everybody can be the same and there's a lot of benefits like we looked at last lesson of having a diverse and culturally rich community. But there are some low levels of cohesion that can exist that we should aim to avoid. So for example, where there might be high levels of crime for instance, in certain community areas may suggest that actually, that particular community may not be very cohesive. Rises in racism and discrimination can be another example of low level of cohesion. Having segregated communities or groups of individuals that are not fully integrated, but slightly separated from the wider society. Or have no go areas where people do not feel safe enough or comfortable enough to go to certain areas because they may feel out of place. And another example is increase in extremist views. This is an example of a low level of cohesion where individuals may not fully adhere to fundamental British values or values that align with the wider community. I want you just to pause the video now and I want you to answer the following question: Explain how mutual respect, tolerance, understanding can help build community cohesion. And in your answer, I want you to write two PEAL paragraphs and a PEAL paragraph means ensuring that you have a point. You give an example to support that point. You analyse your example and point and then you link your argument back to the question. I want you to explain how mutual respect, tolerance and understanding is established and upheld within that paragraph and explain how higher levels of community cohesion can be achieved. And when you're finished, come back to the lesson and we will go through some of the answers you could have made. Welcome back. So let's go through some of these points. The key task here was for you to write two PEAL paragraphs answering the question, explaining how mutual respect, tolerance and understanding can help build community cohesion. Paragraph one and modal response could be as follows: One way mutual respect, tolerance and understanding can help build community cohesion is by ensuring adherence to mutual respect within society. In the UK, this is established through rules such as the Equality Act, which aims to prevent discrimination, harassment and unfair treatment of people within the nine protected characteristics. By having this in place, it means there is a greater level inclusion, which can lead to more cohesion. Paragraph two. Another way is by actively promoting concepts such as diversity, integration and community cohesion. For example, events such as the Notting Hill carnival promote mutual understanding by bringing different ethnicities together, celebrating diversity. Such events can help not only build mutual respect and understanding, but create a higher level of community cohesion. We need just to check your response against those and make any corrections as you see fit. If there was at any point you got stuck in the lesson, feel free to go back and go over some of that content and try again. We have now reached the end of our lesson and I just want to quickly recap what we learned today. So in today's lesson, we looked at the concept of mutual respect and tolerance and you should be able to now explain what they mean. We also looked at mutual understanding and how that underpins a democratic society and how it can lead to community cohesion. And we'll also explore the effects of inequality and discrimination and the role of the Equality Act in tackling some of these inequalities within society. So those are the core concepts we've learned today, and I hope you've enjoyed today's lesson. Like I said, any point you got stuck, feel free to go back over your notes and try again. But if you feel confident, please feel free to go ahead and complete the quiz. And I will see you next lesson, where we look at the key question of can diversity lead to unity. Have a great day and take care. Bye.

In this lesson, we will explore how diversity, integration and community cohesion can lead to unity. This lesson will also look at the challenges and opportunities of a changing and diverse society.

Unit Overview: How is UK society diverse and changing?

National Curriculum

Unit Question

Lessons:

What is identity and how can we be defined?

What are the debates around identity in the UK?

How is the UK population changing?

How diverse is UK society?

Is there mutual respect and understanding of diverse groups in the UK?

Can a changing and diverse society lead to unity?