Suffixes: Past and present tense

Suffixes: plural

Suffixes: -y

Suffixes: -ly

Suffixes: -ful and -less

Suffixes: -er and -est

Silent letters

Prefixes

Homophones and homonyms

Compound words

Suffixes - past and present tense

Suffixes:  -ate -en -ify -ise

Suffixes:  -tion -ity -ness

Suffixes:  -tion -cian -sion -ssion

Suffixes:  -ous

Suffixes:  -ial

Suffixes:  -al

Suffixes:  -ic

Suffixes:  -ary / -ery

French-derivated sounds:  sh (ch) g (gue) k (que)

Double consonants

Homophones

Suffixes: plurals

Suffixes:  ate -en -ify -ise -tion -ity -ness -al -ic -ary -ery -ful -less

Homophones + near homophones

Syllables: -fer syllables

Suffixes:  -tion / -cian / -sion / -ssion

/ee/ sound 'ie' or 'ei' spelling

Word endings: -ant and -ent

Suffixes: -able -ible

C making soft and hard sound

Etymology: words of Greek origin  'ch' 'ph' and 'sc' spellings

Unstressed vowels in polysyllabic words

Prefixes: un- dis- mis- in- il- im- ir- re- sub- inter- super- anti- auto- bi- trans- tele- circum- de- pre- pro- sus- con- com- a-

Suffixes: Past and present

Suffixes: -er and -est comparative and superlative

Suffixes: -le -el -al -il

Letter strings: -ough, ear, ou, au, ice

Suffixes: -tion, -cian, -sion, -ssion

Suffixes: -ous

Suffixes: -ial

/ee/ sound spelt ie or ei

Word endings: -ant -ent -ance -ence

Suffixes: -ible -able

French and Greek etymology

Curriculum words

English Spelling

Y4 English Spelling

Key Stage 2

Year 4

Spelling

THEME

UNIT

In this lesson, we will investigate compound nouns, creating them using two nouns.

To investigate compound nouns

﻿Hi, there. My name is Mr. Byrne-Smith, and today I'm going to be teaching you some spelling. It's going to be lots and lots of fun. In today's lesson we're looking at compound nouns, so a lesson devoted to compound nouns. I hope you're looking forward to it. I learned a really interesting word the other day. The word is bookkeeper. You might think, "Hang on a second, Mr. Byrne-Smith. That doesn't sound like a very interesting word to me." However, I learned that it's one of the only words that has three double letters in a row. Bookkeeper. It has a double O, followed by a double K, followed by a double E. I wonder if you can think of any others. Anyway, let's make a start with today's lesson. Here's the agenda for today's lesson. First, we're going to look at some key vocabulary. Then we'll investigate and generate some rules before finally setting this week's spelling words. In this lesson, you will need an exercise book or paper, a pencil, and then of course, your brain. If you need to go off and get any of these things, pause the video now. Okay, let's go through some key vocabulary. My turn, your turn. Compound word. A compound word is a word made up of two or more preexisting words. Adjective. An adjective is a word that describes a noun. It tells you what it's like. Noun. A noun is a person, place or thing. Root word. A root word is the most basic version of a word, so before any prefixes or suffixes have been attached. Let's investigate and generate some rules. Okay, I'd like you to look very carefully at these four words, and see if you can figure out what they have in common, paintbrush, goalkeeper, sandcastle, and whiteboard. Paintbrush, goalkeeper, sandcastle, and whiteboard. Pause the video now, and have a think. Okay, I wonder if you've spotted what they have in common. They're all made up of two preexisting nouns, so let's think about exactly what this means. Here we have four words, each of which is made up of two other words. Now, the two words they're made up of are real words, and they make sense by themselves. In this instance, they're coming together to make a brand new word with a different meaning. First, let's figure out the word class of these four words as they are currently. So yes, it can be split up into two other words, but let's look at them as they are for now, and think about their word class, adjective, noun, or verb. Let's remember an adjective describes a noun, tells you what it's like. A noun is a person, place or thing, and a verb is a doing or a being word. Have a careful think. Best way to do this is to put the word into a sentence, and then figure out what the word is doing in that sentence. Pause the video, and have a go. Okay. They're all nouns. Okay. These are words which are made up of at least two other words, and they're all nouns. We refer to these as compound nouns. My turn, your turn. Compound nouns. Compound nouns are made up of words which have their own meaning. When those words come together, they can take on a brand new meaning. New meaning is often linked to the meaning of the original words. However, it's its own distinct word, and it behaves as one word. Let's look at some examples in closer detail. Let's take paintbrush. What two words is paintbrush made up of? It's made up of paint and brush. Okay. So we know that paint brush is a noun. When we take the individual words by themselves, paint and brush, I wonder what those words are. I'd like you to pause the video, and have a careful think. Paint and brush, are they adjectives, nouns or verbs? Okay. Paint and brush are both nouns. So here we have a compound noun, paintbrush, made up two separate nouns, paint and brush. Let's have a look at our second example, goalkeeper. The word goalkeeper is made up of goal and keeper. A keeper is somebody who looks after something or who owns something. Goal and keeper. Are these words adjectives, nouns, or verbs? Pause the video now. Okay. Goal and keeper are both nouns. So once again, we have a compound noun, goalkeeper, made up of two other nouns, goal and keeper. Okay. Third word, sandcastle. Sandcastle is made up of sand and castle. I'd like you to think of those two words carefully. Sand and castle, are they adjectives, nouns or verbs? Pause it again now. Okay. Sand and castle are nouns. Right. So far, three out of the four compound nouns we've looked at have been made up of other nouns. When these words come together, they take on their own meaning. Here we have sandcastle. Now obviously a sandcastle is a castle made out of sand. If I talk about the word sand by itself, I'm talking about the substance often found on beaches. If I think about the castle, I'm thinking about a big building often in the countryside. So we have sand and castle. Those are two very distinct and separate nouns. When they come together, they create a third distinct and separate noun, a sandcastle, which is a little castle made out of sand. Last of our four words, whiteboard. Let's have a closer look. Whiteboard is made up of the two words, white and board. The question is, what word class are they? Pause the video now and have a careful think. Okay. You've got to be very careful here. White is an adjective. Board is a noun. So in the majority of cases, compound nouns seem to be made up of nouns. However, that is not always true. Here's an example. Our whiteboard is made up of white and board. White is an adjective. Therefore compound nouns are not always made up of other nouns. Here I have two definitions. You need to help me decide which is correct. "Nouns made with two or more other words." "Nouns made with two or more other nouns." Which of these best describes a compound noun? Pause the video now. Okay, the correct definition is this one. As we just discovered with the word whiteboard, compound nouns are not always made up of other nouns. Sometimes they're made up of nouns and adjectives. Sometimes even they're made up of nouns and verbs, so you have to be very careful. The safer way to get around this, is just to say that compound nouns are nouns made with two or more other words, which is a very general way of putting it, definitely the safest way of phrasing it. Let's have a go. Here we have the word time. Now time is a really good word when it comes to compound nouns, because lots of compound nouns contain the word time. They either contain it at the beginning or at the end. An example would be lunchtime. I'd like you to pause the video, and see how many you can come up with in one minute. That's your challenge, compound nouns containing the word time. Pause the video and have a go. Okay. These are the ones I came up with, lunchtime, timekeeper, somebody who keeps time with a stopwatch, timeout, sometime, timeline. They're the ones I managed to come up with in a minute. I wonder how you did. Let's have another go with the word eye. Top tip, think about the things on or around the eye. There's your top, top tip. Eye is another word which is often used to form compound nouns. Pause the video and have a go. Okay. These are the ones I came up with, eyeball, eyelash, eyewitness. An eyewitness is somebody who sees something happen. Eyebrow, eyesight. Okay. Here we have a picture, a lovely picture of two boys playing football. Your job is to take this picture in carefully, and see if you can find any compound nouns. Now, when I had a look, I found three. However, there might be more. There are a few which are more obvious than others. Pause the video and have a careful look. Okay. I found football, and goalkeeper, and goalpost. Let's have a go with this picture. Now, there's one very obvious one. There are some which are less obvious. I think in this instance, I only managed to find two, so let's see how you do. Pause the video and have a go. okay. Lamppost, that's the obvious one. So a lamppost is a post with a lamp on top. Lamppost has an interesting double P, which sometimes doesn't look right. However, it is. So lamppost contains a double P. Footpath, that's another one I came up with. Footpath is a commonly used compound noun. Last picture. Here we have a picture of somebody sitting on the floor. And I don't want to give too much away, but I'd like you to have a look, and see if you can find any compound nouns in this picture. Pause the video and have a go. Okay. I spotted two. I spotted shoelace and fingernail. I wonder if you came up with any that I didn't. Probably. I only managed two. I think there are more. Now so far, we've spotted that when joining compound nouns, you just put one next to the other. There are no complicated spelling rules or patterns. We can just combine the two without any real significant changes to be made. Very rarely it's necessary to change the spelling, but not often at all. It is very unlikely that you'll come across words, which combine and have to change spelling. When we talk about compound nouns, we talk about three different types, solid, hyphenated, and open. I'd like to show you what I mean by each of these using this picture. This is a containership. A containership is a massive, massive ship that carries containers. Now, the term containership can be written in each of these three ways, solid, hyphenated and open. This is called a solid compound noun. You can see I've written containership all as one word. This is a hyphenated compound noun. Container-ship has been separated by a hyphen. A hyphen is the dash between the words container and ship. Finally, we have container ship with two separate words. Now this is called an open compound noun. We can tell it's still a compound noun because these two words are behaving as one noun. These two words are not behaving as two separate nouns. They're behaving as just the one noun, container ship. When it comes to which of these we use, well, it comes down to personal choice and style. Different countries do it slightly differently, and there are no real rules about it. Actually, you can use any of these methods. Today we've been using one of the three. I wonder if you can help me figure out which one. We have been using solid, the whole way through this lesson. Solid is often the clearest way of combining two nouns to create a new noun, therefore it's an easy one to learn the spelling technique with. Time for us to set some spelling words for this unit. So these are this week's spelling words. I'm going to read them out to you very slowly, and I'm going to put each on into context. To do this, I'm going to put it into a sentence. Some of them might need a brief explanation, which I'll give it to you, but most of them are very straightforward. Make sure you write these down carefully and correctly because the worst thing would be to be practising the wrong spelling for the rest of the week. First word is football. They kicked the football so high, they wondered if it would ever come back down. Cloakroom. Your coat is in the cloakroom. Don't forget it. Now, cloakroom is an interesting one. These days, it's where you keep your coat. Once upon a time, people used to wear cloaks as their outer layer, so they'd put it on top of their suits, on top of their jacket. The cloakroom's where you'd hang your cloak. Obviously now we don't use cloaks anymore, but we do use coats. We use the term cloakroom because it's just been left over from the time when people did wear cloaks. Breakfast. I forgot to have breakfast, and now I'm starving. Playground. They raced each other across the playground. Fingerprint. The fingerprint is the unique pattern that each of us has on the pads of our finger, on our fingertips. Every fingerprint is slightly different. If you look very carefully, you can actually see your own fingerprint. It's made up of a number of curved and curled lines. We each have a unique fingerprint. Skyscraper. Skyscraper. A skyscraper is a really tall building. Skyscraper is made up of the words sky and scraper. The idea being, of course, that the buildings are so tall, they're scraping the sky. London has a few skyscrapers. Sunlight. The sunlight is streaming in through the window. Grandmother. Grandmother. My grandmother makes the most delicious sugar cakes. Blackberry. Blackberry. Here's another example of a compound noun made up of an adjective and a noun. Black is, of course, an adjective. The waiter brought out an enormous blackberry pie. Whiteboard. Whiteboard. Another example of a compound noun made up of a noun and an adjective. Face the whiteboard, please, children. Okay. And there are 10 words. Well done. You've done a fantastic job. Today we've looked at key vocabulary. We've investigated and generated rules, and we set this week's spelling words. Congratulations. That's the end of the lesson. Bye.

In this lesson, we will practise and apply our knowledge of compound nouns.

To practise and apply knowledge of compound words, including test

﻿Hi there. My name is Mister Byrne-Smith, and today I'm going to be teaching you spelling. In today's lesson we're looking at compound nouns. If you haven't watched lesson two of 10 yet, I really recommend that you go back and do it. It will be very helpful for today's learning. So come along, let's make a start and have some fun. Here's the agenda for today's lesson. First, we're going to look at some key vocabulary. Then we're going to recap the spelling rules. After that we'll learn a new strategy before finally, having a go at our test. In this lesson you'll need an exercise book or paper, a pencil, and then of course your brain. If you need to go and get any of these things pause the video now. Okay, key vocabulary. My turn, your turn. Compound word. Compound word is a word made up of two or more preexisting words. Adjective. An adjective is a word that describes a noun, it tells you what it's like. Noun. A noun is a person, place or thing. Root word. A root word is the most basic version of a word. It has no prefixes or suffixes attached. Okay, let's recap the spelling rules. I'd like you to look at these words very carefully and see if you can figure out what they have in common. Basketball and blackberry. They're both examples of a certain type of word. Pause the video now. Okay, these are both examples of, compound nouns, which means they are nouns made up of two or more other words. In this instance, we have basketball made up of basket and ball and blackberry made up of black and berry. Let's just think about their word class. We're not thinking about the individual parts of each word. We're thinking about the words as a whole. So first basketball and then blackberry. What is basketball and what is blackberry? An adjective, a noun, or a verb. Pause the video now. Okay, these are both, nouns. Whenever testing the word class of a word, it's really useful to put the word into a sentence. That way you can figure out the role of the word in the sentence. The basketball rolled across the floor. So, it's not describing anything so it can't be an adjective. It's a thing in this instance, noun's a person place or thing. So therefore I think the basketball must be a noun. It's definitely not a verb 'cause a verb is a doing or a being word. That's how I might go about figuring out whether basketball is an adjective, a noun or a verb. Okay, so these are both nouns made up of two or more other words. These are what we refer to as compound nouns. Let's look at basketball in a bit more detail. Basketball is made up a basket and ball. I'd like you to now figure out whether basket and ball are, adjectives, nouns, or verbs. Remember, best way to do this is to put them in a sentence and see what their role is in that sentence. Pause the video now. Okay, basket and ball are both, nouns. So here we have a compound noun made up of two nouns. I wonder if the same is true with blackberry. Blackberry is made up of black and berry, but what word class are black and berry? Pause the video now. Okay. Black is an adjective and berry is a noun. So in this instance, we have a compound noun, blackberry made up of an adjective and a noun. I wonder if we can establish a rule out of all of this. Here I have two definitions for a compound noun. I'd like you to help me decide which is correct. Compound nouns are nouns made with two or more other words or nouns made with two or more other nouns. Pause the video and have a think. Okay, compound nouns are, nouns made with two or more other words. As we've just seen, sometimes compound nouns are made up of adjectives and nouns. So we couldn't say that compound nouns are nouns made with two or more other nouns. That wouldn't be correct. The example we saw a second ago was blackberry, made up of black, an adjective and berry a noun. Okay, challenge number one. Here we have some compound nouns. They have been split in half into their individual base words and I've been jumbled up. So we have the column on the left and we have the column on the right. So, your job is to find the partner for each word. Data, cup, table, and hand all have a partner from the other column, cloth, base, bag and board. Pause the video and have a go. Okay, so these all match up. They all have a partner and they look like, this. Data, base, cup and board make cupboard. Table, cloth, hand, bag. Now, obviously here we see them as individual words, but these could be combined into a solid compound noun, which is just one single word. Let's look at this one in a bit more detail. Cup and board make cupboard. Now you can hear there, that the pronunciation changes. Normally, when you combine two words to make a compound noun, the pronunciation of each word doesn't change. For example, data and base become database. In this instance, we have cup and board becoming cupboard. So you sometimes have to be a bit careful about pronunciation. Normally it's not an issue, but occasionally there's one to catch you out, just like this, cupboard. Okay, let's talk about solid hyphenated and open compound nouns. We're going to do that using this picture. This is a container ship. Container ship is a ship that carries containers. Container ship can be written as either a solid hyphenated or open compound noun. Solid, hyphenated and open. Hyphenated compound noun combines the two words using a hyphen, which is the dash. An open compound noun keeps the two words separate, whereas a solid compound noun which we have seen the whole way through this session so far, combines the words into one word. Now the key about a compound now is whether or not it's solid, hyphenated or open. It behaves as one thing. As a single noun. It is no longer two separate words. It behaves as one combined word. With regards to which to use, well, it mostly comes down to styles. Different people like to use different types of compound nouns. Different countries use a certain type more than other countries. Sometimes you have to be a little bit cautious. I will show you why. Here we have two sentences. The first uses an open compound noun. The second uses a closed compound noun. Can you pass the ball please? It's over by the black board. The second is, can you pass the ball please? It's over by the blackboard. Now you'll notice that they sounded identical. However, when you read these, there is room for interpretation. In the first instance, you could just be talking about a board that was black. Now a board that's black is not necessarily the same thing as a blackboard. A blackboard is something that teachers write on using chalk. If you were trying to say a blackboard found in a classroom that teachers write on using chalk, in this instance, you'd probably be a bit safer to use the solid compound noun rather than the open compound noun. Otherwise you're not necessarily getting across the exact meaning that you want to. This is just worth being conscious of. This doesn't often present a problem, but sometimes it does. Okay, here we have a base word, sun. This is a word that you can easily turn into a compound noun, by adding other words to it. Sun can either come at the beginning or the end of the new word. I'm going to give you an example, sunlight. I'd like you to pause the video and see how many you can come up with in a minute. Pause the video now. Okay, these are the ones I came up with. Sunshine, sunlight, sunshade, aftersun which is a kind of a cream you put on after you've got burnt in the sun. And then suncream, which is something you put on before you get burned in the sun in an attempt to stop that happening. Let's have a go with this picture. In this picture, there are a variety of compound nouns. I'd like you to see how many you can spot. Now I've only spotted two. I think there are two really obvious ones. I'm sure there are more. And I'm pretty confident that you're going to find them. Pause the video now and have a go. Okay, I found sunflower and flowerpots. I wonder if you've found any extras. I hope so. Okay, it's time for us to learn a new strategy. The strategy we're going to learn today is word in a word. The word we're going to use to practise this strategy is grandmother. Now when you do the word in a word strategy, the aim is to find and locate words within the word that you're practising . In this instance, we have grandmother. Now grandmother is obviously made up of two really obvious and clear words. Grand and mother, but if you want to really challenge yourself, you'll look for other words,. It's a really useful way of looking at the word differently. So I'm going to have a go with grandmother and I found, moth, I found moth. Okay, so moth is a kind of small, brown, furry wind insect, similar to a butterfly. That's interesting, I never would have thought that grandmother has the word moth in it, unless I looked very carefully like I did here. When I've located the word in a word, I like to write it out again, really big and in a different colour. That way it really jumps out at me and I can see what I've done and I can see what I found. Let's have another go. This is the beauty. You can often find more than one word. So, here we have our word again, grandmother. What can I find in grandmother? I can find, her, that's a good one. Her's a really good one because actually it links to the meaning of the word. And there it is written out bigger and in a different colour. So it's very, very clear. So, why is this a useful strategy? Well, I really like it. Firstly because, it's good for growth mindset. This means that you're admitting to yourself that there is some parts of the word that you don't know as well as other parts of the word. And you're committing to finding out more about them. This is how we improve. It's really important to admit and acknowledge the things that we can't do especially well yet in order to improve on them. Also it breaks the word down into chunks. Each time you find a word in a word, you've broken it into a number of different chunks. When you've broke a word down into chunks, it's easier to remember 'cause you only have to remember the chunks and put them together. Finally, it helps you develop links and patterns between lots of different words. So, by using this strategy, you soon discover that lots of different words are made up of the same chunks, which is really, really fascinating and interesting once you get going. Okay, let's use our new strategy on some of this week's spelling words. I'd like you to try with playground, blackberry and a whiteboard. Pause the video now. Okay. Time for this week's test. The first thing I'd like you to do is write numbers one to 10, very carefully. Pause the video. Okay, I'm going to read each word out and put it into a sentence. I'd like you to take a deep breath, calm yourself, and also get ready to pause because you can pause after each word and you can take your time and you can try a variety of options for each word. You don't have to just go with your first answer. So relax, slow down, deep breath, take your time. One, football, football. They kicked the football so high they wondered if it would ever come back down. Two, cloakroom. Cloakroom. Your coat is in the cloak room, don't forget it. Three, breakfast, breakfast. I forgot to have breakfast and now I'm starving. Four, playground, playground. They raced each other across the playground. Five, fingerprint, fingerprint. We each have a unique fingerprint. Six, skyscraper, skyscraper. London has a few skyscrapers. Seven, sunlight, sunlight. The sunlight is streaming in through the window. Eight, grandmother, grandmother. My grandmother makes the most delicious sugar cakes. Nine, blackberry blackberry. The waiter brought out an enormous blackberry pie. 10, whiteboard, whiteboard. Face the whiteboard please children. Okay, well done. That's the end of the test. Now we're going to go through the answers. What, I'd like to make sure is that you write out the correct answer next to any that you got wrong. This way, you can see how many letters you actually got right. Because I bet, there's only a couple of letters that perhaps you've got the wrong way round or forgot. So think carefully about what you've done and especially about what you've done well and what you've done correctly. Number one, football. F o o t b a l l. Two, cloakroom. C l o a k r o o m. Three, breakfast. B r e a k f a s t. Four, playground. P l a y g r o u n d. Five, fingerprint. F i n g e r p r i n t. Six, skyscraper. S k y s c r a p e r. Seven, sunlight. S u n l i g h t. Eight, grandmother. G r a n d m o t h e r. Nine, blackberry. B l a c k b e r r y. 10, whiteboard. W h i t e b o a r d. Okay, congratulations, that's the end of the lesson. We've done a lot today. We've done key vocabulary. We've recapped rules. We've learnt a new strategy and we've done our tests, so well done. That's the end of the lesson. Congratulations, bye.

Unit Overview: Compound words

Lessons:

To investigate compound nouns

To practise and apply knowledge of compound words, including test