Families: Relationships and human happiness

Respectful relationships: Respect and friendship

Online and media: Rights, responsibilities and keeping safe

Mental wellbeing: Talking about emotions

Internet safety and harms: Reality vs the online world

Healthy lifestyles: Physical fitness and healthy eating

Health and prevention: Basic health

Changing adolescent body: Puberty and menstrual wellbeing

Families: Stable relationships and marriage

Respectful relationships: Stereotypes and bullying

Online and media: Harmful contact

Mental wellbeing: Recognising concerns

Internet safety and harms: Body Image

Drugs and alcohol: Smoking and Alcohol

Health and prevention: Sleep and routines

First aid

Families: Being safe and reporting concerns

Respectful relationships: Recognising and reporting criminal behaviour within relationships

Online and media: Indecent image sharing

Being safe: The law (consent, exploitation, and harassment)

Intimate relationships: Positivity and health

Mental wellbeing: Common types of ill health

Internet safety and harms: Relationships and social media

Drugs and alcohol: Prescription and illegal drugs

Health and prevention: Immunisation and vaccination

RSHE (PSHE)

Y9 RSHE (PSHE)

Key Stage 3

Year 9

UNIT

This lesson will focus on the concept of 'consent' and the law around sexual consent. Also, how consent (including sexual and other kinds) can be communicated and withdrawn.

Sexual consent and the law

﻿Hi there, everyone. My name's Ms. Shaw. I'm really pleased you're joining me today to focus on this lesson, which is about sexual consent and the law. So this lesson will focus on the concept of consent and the law around sexual consent. Also, how consent, including sexual and other kinds, can be communicated and withdrawn. Now, this lesson does cover sensitive topics. Therefore, we recommend checking with a trusted adult before starting or doing the lesson with a trusted adult nearby. For this lesson, you are going to need an exercise book or some paper, and you're also going to need a pen and your brain for thinking. So hopefully you've already completed your intro quiz. First, we will look at what is meant by the term consent and the law surrounding it in the UK. We'll then look at some myths and stereotypes that are associated with consent. We'll look at how consent can be communicated and withdrawn, and then we'll look at the key learning points and you will complete your exit quiz. So the keywords for today's lesson is that consent occurs when one person voluntarily agrees to the proposal or desires of another and has the capacity to do so. The law relates to the system of rules created and enforced through social or governmental institutions to regulate behaviour, and we're focusing on this in the UK. Withdrawal refers to the action of taking away or removing something. So when we're talking about withdrawal of consent, it means taking away that consent and removing it. In this first section, we're going to look into what is actually meant by sexual consent and the UK law relating to it. So what do you think is meant by the term sexual consent? I'd like for you just to pause here for a few seconds and really consider this statement. So here are some sexual consent facts. Consent is defined under UK law by section 74 of the Sexual Offences Act 2003 and can only be given by people aged 16 or older. Now, someone consents to sexual intercourse or vaginal, anal, or oral only if he or she agrees by choice to that penetration and has the freedom and capacity to make that choice. So by that, we mean has the freedom, so they're not being forced to, they're not being made to do something, and they also have the capacity. So they're not vulnerable or to a point where they're incapacitated, i.e. they've been drugged or they're too drunk, for example. Sexual activity and consent for that can be given to one sort of sexual activity but may not be for another. So it's important, if you're engaging in sexual activity, to make sure that you are getting consent at every point. And consent can be withdrawn each time activity occurs and at any time during sexual activity. So just because you've consented at one point doesn't mean that you have to all of the time, and if you've consented to something previously, it doesn't mean that you consent to doing it again. So I'd like you to just to read the following statements and decide which one is false. I'd like to pause while you read the slide and then return when you've made your choice. So were you correct? Option one, boys and men don't get raped. Actually, they do. Boys, girls, man, woman, anybody of any age, gender, race, nationality, anybody can be raped. Withdrawal of consent must always be respected and acted upon, so this is true, as is that it is common for rape cases to be unreported rather than falsified. And people who are intoxicated, asleep, or otherwise impaired cannot give their consent no matter what. On this slide, I'd like you to match the correct statements with the correct answers. So pause here while you read through the slides and match the correct statements with the correct answers, and then return when you've finished. So were you correct? It's fine because they didn't say no. Well, no. There are many ways for someone to not give their consent, not just saying no, and we're going to look at a few of these ways later on in the lesson. I don't need to ask again, we've done it before. Again, this is wrong. Consent is still required each time, even if two people have had sex previously. It was only oral, so it wasn't rape. Well, giving oral sex without permission is against the law, and if a man forces it, it is classed as rape. It's fine because we were both under 16. Nope. Whether consent is given or not, having sex, including oral sex under the age of 16, is illegal. In this next section, we're going to look into reasons why people might be targeted for sexual assault and the myths and stereotypes relating to consent. So which of the following reasons are ones why victims are targeted? So I'd like you to have a look and see which ones you think are the correct answers as to why people might be targeted. I'd like you to pause the video and then return when you've made your choices. So were you correct? Often, people are targeted because of ease of access, so if people are vulnerable or if they're in a situation where the perpetrator has access to be able to abuse them, then they'll take advantage of that. There's an opportunity there. If people are vulnerable, so if they're in situations where they're maybe not protected or if there's a reason why they may be a little more vulnerable than other people, that's also a reason why they might be targeted. Isolating someone or if someone's on their own and there's more opportunity, again, is another reason, as is youth. So the younger you are, the less likely you are to be able to fend it off or to understand that there's an issue in the first place. It could be someone who is an ex-partner. It could be that there's poor communication skills going on. It could be because it's someone's chosen line of business. And it is also because someone might be compromised due to drink or drugs. It never is the victim's fault, and they never deserve it. It's also not done by people who are trying to protect you and generally not done because someone is in financial difficulties. Now we're going to look at addressing some myths and stereotypes. So again, I'd like you to pause the slide here while you have a quick read through and choose which option you think is false. So pause now and then resume when you've finished. So did you get it correct? Hopefully you chose option three. Being drunk does not mean that a person is asking to be assaulted. It just means that they're in a more vulnerable state, so people are more likely to be able to take advantage of that situation. But being drunk is never a reason for or an excuse for someone to say, "That's why that happened." You should not expect to be raped because you're wearing a particular style or type of clothing. You're well within your rights to wear whatever you want without fear of abuse or harassment. Many victims do not fight. Instead, they freeze or disassociate or try to befriend the aggressor, which is just a response to try and get out of that situation in the first place and just a way of being able to deal with the situation and still come out of it unscathed. In many rape cases, the victim and the perpetrator do know each other. In this next section, we're going to look into how consent can be communicated and withdrawn and the potential consequences of not obtaining consent. So I'd like you to think here, what are some of the ways that someone could show non-verbally, so not speaking, that they are not giving sexual consent? I'd like you to pause here and try and make a list of as many as you can think of and then return when you've done. So how did your list compare with mine? So I put that some ways that people could show non-verbally that they're not giving sexual consent is perhaps if they don't want to be hugged or touched. If somebody starts to pull away from the other person, that also, again, could be a sign that they're not really wanting you to do that. If somebody stops kissing you or if they become unresponsive and they freeze, again, these are bodily signs that someone is not engaging and not wanting this behaviour to continue. They might stop speaking or become very quiet, and they also might become nervous or frightened. So these are all ways that you can try and pick up if someone is not consenting to a situation regarding sexual activity. Now next, I want you to think about what some potential consequences of not obtaining sexual consent might be. I'd like you to pause here and then make a list of suggestions and see how yours compares with mine. So do that, and then return when you've finished. How does your list compare with mine? Well, I found there were quite a few consequences, so I decided to break them up into categories. So firstly, thinking from a legal aspect, being found guilty of rape or sexual assault could lead to a fine or a community order or a prison sentence, and you could potentially be added to the Sex Offenders Register also. So if you think about how having a criminal record might impact on your future and your life events, things like getting a job in the future or going abroad and even potential relationships where you're going to have to tell people that you have a criminal record for this, is really going to impact on your life. Now physically, sexually transmitted infections for both people or other future partners is a potential consequence, as is unwanted pregnancy. You might have mental health problems relating to the trauma. You could have physical injury or internal injury from it. And emotionally, you could be embarrassed or fearful, humiliation, feeling low self-esteem. You might then have problems forming new relationships. You might be left feeling hurt and upset and then have problems trusting partners in the future. So there's massive consequences relating to not obtaining sexual consent, which is why it is so important to make sure that you do. So remember, it's very important to get consent for sexual activity every time you engage in it. Not saying no does not mean that someone has given their consent, and there are many other ways of not consenting to something, so you need to make sure that you've gained consent every time that you engage in any sort of sexual activity. There is a legal and ethical responsibility for you to look for the signs that a partner is or is not consenting, and you need to make sure that you keep on checking. So the key learning from this lesson is that consent must be obtained each and every time you engage in sexual activity. Every single action has consequences, whether they are positive or negative, and these may cause lasting damage to both the victim and the perpetrator. Consent can be withdrawn at any time during sexual activity and each time that the activity occurs. There is a legal responsibility to gain consent. Now, what I would like you to do is to complete the exit quiz to check your understanding of the content of this lesson. Very well done on completing the first lesson in this unit, and I look forward to seeing you again. Bye for now.

This lesson will focus on the definition of 'harassment', 'abuse' and 'rape'; specific laws relating to these terms; the potential impact on future relationships; seeking support and reporting concerns in response to harassment, abuse or rape. 

Harassment, abuse and rape

﻿Hi there everyone. My name is Ms. Shaw I'm really pleased you're joining me again today to look at this lesson, which we'll be focusing today on harassment, abuse, and rape. So, as I said, today's lesson, we'll be focusing on harassment, abuse, and rape, including the specific laws which relates to each of these areas, the potential impact that they might have on any future relationships that you might engage with, and also how to seek help or report concerns in response to any of these issues. Now, this lesson does cover a sensitive topic, so therefore, we do recommend checking with a trusted adult before starting or doing the lesson with a trusted adult nearby. So for this lesson, you are going to need an exercise book, or some paper, you're going to need a pen, and as usual, we're going to need our brains to do. Hopefully, you should have already done your intro quiz. What we will do first is to look at harassment, abuse, and rape and what these terms are defined by and the law relating to them. Next, we'll focus on the potential impact on your future, including any sorts of relationships that you would engage with, then how we can seek support and report concerns, and finally, you'll finish off by looking at the key learning points and your exit quiz. So the key words for this lesson are: harassment, which describes any kind of ongoing torment without the victim giving permission or wanting it to happen; abuse refers to treating somebody cruelly or violently, especially on a regular or repeated basis; rape refers to forcing someone to having sex when they are unwilling and/or does not have the capacity to consent, so to say yes or agree to it. Now, it's important for me to point out here too, that evidence suggests that harassment, abuse, and rape, whilst quite often are perpetrated by men against women, it can happen in any relationship. So it could be that the female is the perpetrator and the male is the victim. It also happens within same sex relationships or within the LGBTQ+ community. And also, trans people are often more vulnerable to forms of abuse, as well. Now, when it comes to reporting, remember, you do not need to be certain that a crime has been committed or the legal name of that crime before reporting it. The police can always be contacted on 111 or 999 if it's an emergency, or you can report the incident online. So in this first section, we will look into the UK laws relating to harassment, abuse, and rape. So I'd like you just to take a few seconds to pause here and think about what actually harassment, abuse, and rape mean in terms of understanding what they mean, and then what do you think the laws in the UK might be that are in place relating to each of these areas? So we're going to start off focusing on harassment. So, this is a criminal offence and a civil action under the Protection from Harassment Act 1997. So it means that someone can be prosecuted in both the criminal and the civil courts, if they harass you. But what does harassment actually mean? Well, it's behaving in any sort of unwanted way towards somebody. Now in terms of relationships or sexual harassment, that would be sexually, um, so in terms of sexual harassment, that would be behaving in a sexual way without permission towards somebody, which includes comments about their appearance, for example. It could be physical, so brushing past them in an inappropriate way, or groping them, or touching them when they don't want you to. It can also happen online. So it could be by social media, it could be on your mobile phones, for example. And it can happen to anybody of any age, any gender, any sexual orientation. And it's important to point out that it is not banter. Now I hear this a lot. It's just banter. It's not. Nobody deserves to have their personal boundaries crossed in any way, shape or form, and you shouldn't have to put up with it, and that's why the law is in place to prevent that from happening. Dismissing it as banter is not okay. And it's also not okay to make someone feel uncomfortable. Now, in terms of abuse, next lesson, we're going to focus on a little bit more about domestic abuse and violence within relationships, but in the context of the law, it is a criminal offence in the UK. And the law says that domestic violence or abuse can be anything that includes anything physical, psychological, sexual, emotional, financial, and we'll focus on this, like I said, in future lessons. Now with regards to rape, according to the Sexual Offences Act of 2003, a man is committing an offence if he intentionally penetrates any orifice of a male or female with his penis when that person does not consent or does not have the capacity to consent. So what I mean by the capacity is perhaps that person is under the influence of drugs or alcohol or has some sort of vulnerability that means that they can't give permission for that sexual activity to happen. Now, you might be a bit confused by the well, you're talking about rape only being related to a man, actually, a man can only be convicted of rape because females don't have penises. So if you are inserting anything into the orifices of a person without their permission, so a finger or something else, for example, you can be done for assault by penetration, but not by rape. That can only be done by a man with a penis. Sexual assault, however, you can still be done for on similar offences. For example, if someone is asking you to take pictures, and you're being pressured into any sort of unwanted sexual activity that you don't consent to, you can still be tried for these offences, and they are all crimes. It is never the victim's fault and you always need to remember to get consent, regardless of whether you're in a relationship together or you've had sex before, remembering the law around consent. It is really important to make sure that you get consent every single time you engage in sexual activity. I'd like you to pause here for a few seconds, just to reread through each of these descriptions, to fully ensure that you understand what the UK laws are relating to each of these areas. So when it comes to harassment and abuse there are different types. Now, harassment refers to any sort of unwanted, ongoing torment, and it can take many forms. Remember, it might take place online or offline, and it might be sexual in nature. It might take place in school, or in your workplace, or even in a public place. And victims should always seek support if they are made to feel uncomfortable, even if they're not sure whether a crime has been committed or not. Abuse might be directed towards an adult or a child, and it can be physical, it can be emotional, sexual, and/or involve neglect. Now remember, you should feel safe in all of your relationships, whether that's with family, or partners, or teachers, or friends, anybody, and you must always, always seek support if you feel unsafe. In this next section, we're going to look at the potential consequences for both the victims and the perpetrators of each of these crimes. So I'd like you to read through this slide and I'd like you to think about the potential consequences of rape, and choose which one of these options you think is false. So did you get it correct? Pregnancy can be a consequence of rape, but in general, they're not wanted, they are unwanted pregnancies. Unfortunately, they can also lead to sexually transmitted infections. Quite often, there is physical damage or internal injuries involved, and it can also have an impact on mental health and lead to issues of depression and self-harm in the future. So if we're thinking about the consequences for somebody who has pressured someone into having sex, getting into trouble with the police and getting a bad reputation, do we think that would be a consequence? Yes or no? I'm hoping you chose the true option. If you are going to have sex, or you are doing anything sexual with someone without gaining their consent, then you are committing a crime. And if you then go on to have a criminal conviction, it can seriously limit what you want to do in the future. So if you were planning on moving abroad, or travelling abroad, or living abroad, or having certain jobs, that's going to be limited if you have a criminal record. Now, both rape and sexual assault have the possibility of a prison sentence with the maximum punishment for rape being life in prison. So it can also lead to you being put on the sexual offenders register, both of which are going to seriously limit your options for the future, shall we say. And the social consequences, having a bad reputation and being labelled as an abuser or a rapist, can be really severe and long-lasting and very damaging in the future. Now on this next slide, I'd like you to think about how being the victim of harassment, abuse, or rape might impact on a person's future. I'd like you to read through and choose what you think are the correct answers. So pause the video here and choose which ones you think are the correct answers. Did you get them right? Some people think that controlling people in the case of harassment, or abuse, or rape, is just about violence and physical force, but it can be including emotional or verbal and then can escalate on to other areas, as well. Now, all of these are serious. They are never okay and they are never the victim's fault. It can lead to people being isolated and feeling lonely and cut off from the world and not being able to access help or support. It can impact on their self ego, give them feelings of shame, and they worry about what other people will think about them if they tell them what's going on. You can have a negative impact on their health, both physical and mental, can lead to issues such as depression and anxiety. And can also leave people feeling that it's their fault and it might lead to repeated behaviours in future relationships. I'm hoping that you realised that the incorrect answers such as feeling respected and loved and gaining confidence from being harassed, or abused, or raped, or having a positive impact on someone's well-being are all incorrect. Now, I'd now like you to think about why someone might, who was being abused, find it difficult to report the actual abuse. So pause here, read through this slide, and choose which option you think is appropriate. Did you get it correct? I'm hoping that you realise that some people find it difficult to report the abuse because they are worried about getting into trouble. Now, that you should realise you are never going to get into trouble for reporting abuse, or even if you report something that you suspect is happening to somebody else, it can only be a helpful measure. They might feel shocked or upset and confused about what has happened. They might feel scared or frightened about reporting it. And they also might feel a bit guilty or embarrassed. Quite often, people that are being abused or are victims of harassment or rape often feel like they need to understand why the abuser is behaving that way and make excuses for them. It is never okay and you should always try and seek help or support. So in this section, we're going to look at what help and support is available to victims of harassment, abuse, and rape. Now, when it comes to getting help and support there are very many options. And I'd like you to pause your video here just to make a list and think of as many as you can think of. So how does your list compare with mine? Well, we've spoken in the past about speaking to trusted adults, such as teachers or family members, or maybe your GP or the school nurse, or a police officer, or a youth worker, anyone that you feel that you can turn to that will have your back and support you. You can also access and/or contact online agencies or charities for advice and support. I found that The Home Office's Disrespect Nobody campaign has loads of really useful advice on all of these areas that we've been covering today. You can access that online really easily. What you shouldn't do is stand up and confront your abuser on your own. It's likely to be dangerous and it's not going to have good consequences or outcomes. If you or someone that you know is in immediate danger, you should call 999 as a matter of urgency, just to make sure that that support and help is available there. Now, finally, I would like you to produce a peer support poster aimed at highlighting to young people how to recognise if they are victims of harassment or abuse, how they can report it, and how they can get help and support, and produce that in a peer support poster. So the key learning points from this lesson are that it is against the law to harass, abuse, or rape anyone, and penalties will apply. Harassment, abuse, and rape can impact on the lives of both the victim and the perpetrator. And some people might find it difficult to report and get help and support, but getting appropriate help and support is vital in minimising the longterm effects and consequences. So, as I've said before, it is so important that if you need further information or support, you know where to turn to and you get that extra guidance. You can contact the police, any of the health services or your doctors, for example, any social care, there's Childline on 08001111 if you need to access them specifically. There's the NSPCC, there's Rape Crisis England and Wales. There's the National Domestic Abuse Helpline for women and girls more specifically, and the National Male Survivor Helpline. There's also the LGBT+ Domestic Abuse Helpline for anyone within that community. And of course, as we've said before, there's your trusted adults, so a teacher, school nurse, policemen, doctor, anyone that you trust in your circle to get help and support. Please remember how important that is. Don't keep it to yourself. Always get help. Now, finally, I would like you to complete your exit quiz to check your understanding of the content of this lesson. Well done on completing the second lesson in this unit, and I will look forward to seeing you again for the third lesson. Bye for now.

This lesson will focus on domestic violence, including a definition, the law and statistics surrounding it, examples of different aspects of domestic violence within different kinds of relationships, how to recognise domestic violence situations, and seeking help and support for it.

Domestic violence

﻿Hello there everyone, my name's Ms. Shaw. I'm really pleased you're joining me today for this lesson in which we will be focusing on domestic violence. For this lesson, we'll focus on domestic violence, including a definition of what domestic violence is, the law and statistics surrounding it. Examples of different aspects of domestic violence within different kinds of relationships and how we can recognise domestic violence situations and seek help and support for it. Now, this lesson does cover sensitive topics, and therefore we recommend checking with a trusted adult before starting or doing the lesson with a trusted adult nearby. So for this lesson, you are going to need an exercise book or some paper. You will also need a pen and obviously your brains for a lot of thinking. Hopefully you've already completed your intro quiz. So firstly, we were going to look at domestic abuse or violence and the law in the UK relating to it. We'll then look at the potential impact of future relationships of domestic violence and how we can seek support and report concerns. Finally, you'll complete the key learning points and your exit quiz. So to recap from some prior learning, two of these keywords were covered in previous lessons. I would like you to choose the correct ones. Like you to pause here while you complete this activity and then return when you've done. So were you correct? Rape refers to forcing someone to have sex when they are unwilling and, or do not have the capacity to consent so to give permission for you do that, and harassment describes any kind of ongoing torment without the victim giving permission or wanting to get to happen. Now, the other two keywords, which were domestic violence and abuse, we're going to be looking at in more detail in today's lesson. So the key words for today's lesson are domestic violence describes violence or any sort of abuse behaviour that occurs within the home. Abuse refers to treating someone cruelly or violently, and especially on a repeated or regular basis. And the law refers to the UK rules and regulations that we have in place. So in this first section, we're going to look up what domestic abuse or domestic violence is, and the UK laws relating to it. So what do you think domestic violence is? And what is the law relating to it? I'd like you to pause here just to consider these two questions and then return when you've jotted a few ideas down. So how do your answers compare with mine? Well, with regards to domestic violence, this can include anything violent, including hitting, slapping, kicking, biting, punching, it might be emotional. So somebody's humiliating someone or threatening them or intimidating them, or making them feel scared, et cetera. It could relate to sexual violence. So forcing someone into sexual activity without them giving consent. It could also apply to isolating someone and separating them from their friends and family and not allowing them to live their life as free as they would like to. And also, financially controlling people. Now, the law in the UK as it stands, the domestic violence, crime and victims act of 2004, applies to England and Wales and Northern Ireland in part, but not to Scotland. Domestic violence is a criminal offence. And the law states that domestic violence or abuse can be physical, psychological, sexual, financial or emotional. Now it's important to recognise here that whilst evidence suggests that most abuse in relationships is perpetrated by men against women. It's really important to understand that it can happen in any relationship. So in a heterosexual relationship where the female is the abuser, and also as well as within the LGBTQ plus community and relationships in that situation. What I would like to do now is look at the following statements about historical law relating to relationships and work out which one is false. So pause the video now, have a read through and try and choose which one you think is incorrect. So were you correct? The 1895 curfew on wife beating, which was the city of London bylaw, was actually between 10:00 PM and 7:00 AM. So basically, wife beating was prohibited between the hours of 10:00 PM and 7:00 AM so that the neighbours weren't kept awake by the noises. Well, we know from earlier slides in the lesson that the law relating to domestic violence has changed, and in today's society, those behaviours are not acceptable. However, that doesn't mean that they don't still go on. What we're going to look at next is the difference between abusive behaviour and having a normal, healthy disagreement. Now, what I'd like you to do is to pause the video here and try and make a list of as many differences between abusive behaviour and having a normal, healthy disagreement you can think of and then return once you've completed that activity. How does your life compare with mine? Well, the differences between abusive behaviour, as we've listed previously, in other lessons, abusive is to do with violence and hitting, slapping, kicking, biting, punching, maybe there's emotional fear, humiliation, threatening behaviour, belittling people, intimidating them and putting them down. Perhaps that's isolating them from their family and friends and support networks and potentially can be sexual, forcing them to engage in sexual activities without their consent. Whereas in a normal relationship, everybody's going to bicker from time to time, we're all individuals and living together with other individuals in houses, in situations, working with them for example, going to school, et cetera, you're going to have differences of opinions and occasionally, emotions will get involved and people will end up arguing. However, if you can be respectful when you are bickering and you can negotiate and try and work out a resolution to the issue or to the problem. And you're able to express your views and opinions without any fear of being threatened. And there's no implied threats involved and there's no winner or loser, we just agree to disagree. That's a normal, healthy disagreement. The other, as we've said about the abusive behaviour, is not normal and not appropriate and should not be going on. So relationship abuse facts, according to the DFE's Disrespect Nobody Campaign, is when one person hurts or bullies their partner or their ex partner or someone who is in the same family. And the abuser is always responsible. Nobody else is to blame. It can happen between people who are married and people who are maybe just going out with each other, or people who live together and have children together. And it can happen when people live together or separately. So even though, as we've said before, women are often the victims of abuse, more often, men can also be victims and can often find it harder to seek help. Abuse is often a repeated pattern of a behaviour within relationships. And it can include many different types of abusive behaviour, including physical, emotional, sexual, financial abuse, sometimes all at once. It's not just one of these standalone issue. And abusers can use both emotional and physical abuse to control other people that they form a relationship with. So I want you to think here, which of the following statements about abuse is false. So have a read through and choose which one you think is the incorrect statement. Pause the video here, and then come back when you finished. I'm hoping that you chose option one. So abuse can happen between people of any age, race, gender, nationality, religion, or family background. It can happen in same sex relationships. And in relationships involving a trans person, and it can be physical, emotional, sexual, mental, or financial. Unfortunately, abuse can happen again, even after a relationship has ended. So in this next section, we're going to look at a potential impact of domestic abuse on future relationships. So how can relationship abuse affect the person who is being abused? What I'd like to do here is to pause the video and make a list of suggestions and then come back when you've completed it. So how did your list compare with mine? Well, some of the ways I selected that a relationship abuse could affect the person who's being abused, is that they're isolated and become lonely. It can have a negative impact on their emotional and mental health and wellbeing. They can become anxious and depressed. They can end up with really low self-confidence, they can end up with feelings of guilt or shame, like it's their fault and they they've encouraged this, or they've allowed this to happen. And they don't know how to stop it. So in this final section, we're going to look at how to recognise potential warning signs of domestic abuse and how we can seek help and support. So I'd like you to look at the following statements and have a think about which ones you think are warning signs that someone might be in an abusive relationship. I'd like to pause the video here and then return when you've completed the task. So did you get them right? Well, some people think that relationship abuse is just about violence, where people are being forced into doing things that they don't want to do, but that's not always the case. There's many different types and ways that people can be abused within relationships and all of them are serious and all of them should be taken seriously as well. Sometimes you might not even realise that you are being abused in that relationship. So if somebody is isolating you away from your family or friends or demanding to know where you are at all times and monitoring your calls or potentially looking at your emails or your messages, or if they're threatening to spread rumours about you or pressuring you into doing uncomfortable things, and perhaps they're name calling or putting you down and threatening to self-harm themselves if you leave. Perhaps they're forcing you into sexual acts or behaving violently towards you, that's often easier to identify and pick out, but all of these different things are types of relationship abuse. Protecting them, so protecting you and being respectful during an argument and being considerate of your feelings and your opinions are not ways. So with regards to getting help and support, which of the following do you think is not a good option to seek help and support? So have a look through these options here and choose which one you think you should not do. Hopefully those option four. An abusive relationship is not okay and it's not normal, and if it is happening to you, then you are not to blame. It might feel like you're alone and that you're worried about getting help and speaking up about it, but you're not alone, and you deserve to be safe. Standing up to and confronting your abuser on your own is not a good idea. Reaching out and speaking to a trusted adult, such as a teacher or a family member or your GP, school nurse, or a youth worker, or the police, anybody that you trust that you know will have your back, or if you're in immediate danger or someone that you know is in immediate danger, then you can call 999. You can also access and or contact online agencies or charities for their advice and support as well. Remember, it is not normal to experience relationship abuse, and it's never okay, and it is definitely not healthy. Now, remember that abuse, isn't always physical. It can be emotional, psychological, financial, and sexual abuse too. And it's possible that you're in an abusive relationship if your relationship leaves you feeling scared, controlled or intimidated, but you should remember that you are not to blame. And there are people who can help you if you're currently experiencing abuse, or even if you have done in the past, and it's still impacting on your life now. Anger, jealousy, alcohol, or claiming that they wanted to protect the other person. These are not excuses. There is never an excuse for abuse within any relationship. The key learning point from this lesson are that it is against the law to abuse anyone and penalties will apply. There is a difference between normal, healthy disagreements and abuse within relationships. And it's important to be able to recognise the signs of an abusive relationship. Getting help and support is vital. Now what I'd like you to do now, is to complete your exit quiz to check your understanding of the content of this lesson. Well done on completing the third lesson in this unit. I hope you've enjoyed working with me today. And I look forward to seeing you again in future lessons. Bye for now.

This lesson will focus on 'grooming', 'exploitation' and 'coercion', including the definition, specific laws relating to these terms and seeking support and reporting concerns in response to grooming, exploitation and coercion.

Grooming, exploitation and coercion

﻿Hi there, everyone. My name is Miss Shaw. Really pleased you're joining me today for this lesson in which we'll be focusing on grooming, exploitation and coercion. So in this lesson, we're going to focus on grooming, exploitation and coercion, including a definition of what they all mean, the specific laws relating to these terms, and how we can seek support and report concerns in respect to grooming, exploitation and coercion. Now, this lesson covers very sensitive topics, and therefore we recommend checking with a trusted adult before starting, or doing the lesson with a trusted adult nearby. For this lesson, you are going to need an exercise book or some paper. You're also going to need a pen, and you're going to need your brains for thinking. Hopefully you've already completed your intro quiz. So firstly, we're going to look at what grooming, exploitation and coercion actually mean. Next, we'll look at the UK law relating to these and how to recognise signs of grooming, exploitation and coercion. Then we'll look at how we can seek support and report the concerns, and then we'll cover key learning points and you'll complete your exit quiz. So just to recap on some prior learning, I'd like you to pause the video here just to look at this slide. Now, two of these are keywords that we covered in previous lessons. I'd like you to choose the correct ones. So pause now, and then resume when you've completed. So did you get it right? Well, domestic violence we've covered before, which describes violence or abusive behaviour within the home and abuse, which refers to treating someone cruelly or violently, especially on a regular and repeated basis. The other two, which were grooming and coercion, we're going to have a look at in more detail throughout the course of this lesson. So the keywords for this lesson are that grooming means building a connection with the intention of manipulating, abusing, or exploiting them. Exploitation refers to using or treating someone unfairly for your own advantage and your own gain. Coercion means persuading someone to do something using force or threats. And trafficking is where people are tricked, forced or persuaded to leave their homes or moved or transported and then exploited, or forced to work or sold. So for this first section, we're going to look at definitions of grooming, exploitation and coercion, and the UK law relating to all of these issues. So what is grooming, and what is the law relating to it? Now I'd like to pause here for a few seconds and just to really consider those two questions, and then resume once you've thought about what grooming might be, and what the law relating to it is. So how did your answers compare with mine? Well, according to the NSPCC, grooming is when someone builds a relationship, trust and emotional connection with a child or young person so that they can manipulate, exploit and abuse them. Those who are groomed can be sexually abused, they can be exploited, or they can be trafficked, and anybody can be a groomer, no matter what their age, gender, or race. Now, in the eyes of the law, it is an offence for an adult to intentionally procure a child for unlawful sexual activity or behave in a way that grooms a child to procure them for that as well. And if found guilty, the offender will face up to six months' imprisonment and/or a fine if tried in the Magistrates' Court, or a maximum prison sentence of 10 years if convicted in the Crown Court. I'd like you to pause here to consider which ones of the following statements about grooming you think is false. So pause here, have a quick read through the slide, and then resume when you've made your choice. Did you get it correct? Anybody can be a groomer, no matter their age or gender or race, and groomers might build a relationship with a young person's family and all their friends to make them seem more trustworthy, and it can take place over a short or long period of time, from weeks to years. But young people can be groomed in a number of ways, not just via online situations, and we're going to have a look at some of these as we progress through the lesson. So I'd like you to read the summaries from the NSPCC below. Young people and children who are groomed can be sexually abused, exploited, or trafficked. Now what these terms mean, in terms of sexual abuse, when a child or young person is sexually abused, they're forced or tricked into engaging in sexual activities. And there are two types of sexual abuse. One is contact abuse, and one is non-contact abuse, and sexual abuse can happen in person or online. With regards to exploitation, child sexual exploitation, which is often referred to a CSC for short, is a type of sexual abuse where a young child or a child, a young person is exploited, and they're given things like gifts or drugs or money, and they may be shown affection or given some sort of grandeur or status in exchange for them performing sexual activities. And often, young people don't realise that they're being exploited, because they actually feel like they're in a proper relationship, a loving, caring relationship with somebody. Trafficking is where young people and children are tricked or forced or persuaded to leave their homes and maybe moved around or transported and then exploited, forced to work or to be sold. Now, obviously, all of these would be really harrowing experiences for any young person that was engaged in these situations. In this next section, we're going to look at how we can recognise some of the signs of grooming and trafficking. What I'd like you to do on this slide is to have a look and see which of the following you think are warning signs that a young person might be being groomed. I'd like you to pause here to just read through, and then resume when you've completed the task. So did you get them right? It can be really difficult to tell if a child or young person is being groomed, because the signs are not always there and they're often easily hidden. Older children, especially, might be behaving in normal teenage ways, and actually it's masking the underlying problems, because people just think they'd be normal teenagers. So for example, they might be being secretive. They could be upset and easily distressed. They might be becoming withdrawn. They might be spending less or more time on their phones or devices and spending more time away from home. However, if you notice things like them starting to have new things that they can't or won't explain, or they've got an older partner, that's not really appropriate, or they've got into drinking or drug taking, especially underage, and they're engaging in sexualized behaviour or inappropriate language, these are all certainly signs of grooming and should be taken seriously. Now, quite often, we've said before, children don't know that they are being groomed, because they think that the relationship is a normal, loving, caring relationship, and inability to cope with stress is a potential problem. It's not going to happen. You might become more anxious and withdrawn and distressed about things. So that's certainly a sign to look out for. Speaking to a trusted adult is the best thing that you can do, just to make sure that even if you have got the smallest worry or concern, it's best to get it checked out, because the longer you leave things for, the worse things can get. I'd like you to look now at which one of the following statements you think about trafficking is false. So pause here while you read through the options, and then return when you've chosen which one you think is false. So I'm hoping you chose option four. Traffickers often groom children and their families, and engage in the community to gain the young people, young person's trust in the first place, or their family's trust. They can be large criminal networks, or they can be medium sized or small groups, or they could even be working alone, and children might be forced to marry, to work, to commit crimes, and to be sexually exploited, but none of these trafficked children will be treated with respect or care. In this next section, we're going to look up potential long term effects of grooming and exploitation, and how we can report and seek support and help. So no matter whether it happened in person, online or both, grooming, trafficking and exploitation can have both short term and long term effects, which can last a lifetime. What I'd like you to do is to pause here to make a list of any of the facts that you can think of. So how does your list compare with mine? Well, some long and short term effects of grooming can include anxiety and depression and ongoing mental health problems. You could develop drug and alcohol problems by a way of coping or dealing with it, so especially if you've been groomed and people have been giving you drugs and alcohol. You might have relationship problems with family and friends, and often these problems can turn into bigger issues and be potentially having a massive, damaging effect in the long term. You might have difficulty dealing with stress. It might end up with you self-harming or having suicidal thoughts. There's always the risk of pregnancy and sexually transmitted infections, eating disorders, and of course, feelings of guilt or shame, when actually, as we keep saying, the victim is never at fault. It is always the fault of the perpetrator. Now, there are many sources of support available to help with issues relating to grooming and exploitation, and I'd like you to pause here just to make a list of what you can think of, so what sources of support are available? Pause here and then come back when you've got your list together. So how does your list compare with mine? Well, sources of support and help can include speaking to a trusted adult, so people that you know have got your back and that you can trust, such as your teacher or a family member or your doctor or a school nurse, the police, a youth worker, even. And if you or someone you know is in immediate danger, call 999 straight away. There are also loads of online agencies and charities that are available for advice and support, that you can access or contact online. CEOP also make reporting online grooming really easy. You just visit their website. And there are also local child protection services that are in place to help and support. Now, remember, according to the NSPCC, any child or young person is at risk of being groomed, and it's important to remember that both boys and girls can be groomed. Children who are groomed online could be abused by someone they know. They could also be abused by someone who commits a one-off act, or a stranger who builds a relationship with them. Some children are at more risk of grooming, particularly those young people who are vulnerable, so children in care, or with disabilities, or who maybe have been neglected by their family can be targeted by groomers, and groomers will exploit any vulnerability to increase the likelihood that a child or young person will then become dependent on them, and therefore less likely to speak out and to go and try and get help or support. But the key learning points from this lesson are that it is against the law to groom or exploit anyone, and penalties will apply. Also, there are many short and long term effects associated with grooming and exploitation, and it's important to be able to recognise the signs of grooming, exploitation and coercion, so that you can get the appropriate help and support, which is vital. I'd now like you to pause the video to complete your final task, which is the exit quiz, to check your full understanding of the content of this lesson. Well done on completing the fourth lesson in this unit. Thank you for joining me today, and I look forward to seeing you again. Bye for now.

This lesson will focus on what is meant by the term 'County Lines', how to recognise early signs of gang exploitation/coercion, and how to report or seek help in response to concerns.

County Lines

﻿Hi there everyone, my name is Ms. Shaw. I'm really pleased you're joining me today for this lesson on County Lines. So in this lesson, we're going to focus on what is meant by the term County Lines and how we can recognise signs of gang exploitation or coercion and how we can report or seek help or concerns in relation to this. Now this lesson does cover sensitive topics and therefore we do recommend checking with a trusted adult before starting, or doing the lesson with a trusted adult nearby. For this lesson, you are going to need an exercise book, or some paper, and a pen, and of course our brains. Now, hopefully you've already completed your intro quiz. So firstly, we're going to be looking at definitions of gangs and County Lines, we are then going to go to be looking at recognising early signs of gang exploitation and coercion. Then, we'll looking at how we can seek support and report any concerns we might have. And finally, you'll be looking at the key learning points and completing your exit quiz. So, just to recap on some prior learning, two of the key words listed below were covered in previous lessons. I would like you to pause here while you read through them and choose the correct ones, then, come back when you've completed. So were you correct? So we've covered coercion in previous lessons which is persuading someone to do something using force or threats. And grooming which meant building a connection with a child or a young person with the intention of manipulating or abusing them. Now the other two, which were gangs and County Lines, we're going to be focusing on in today's lesson. So the key words that we'll need to know for today's lesson are that exploitation refers to using or treating someone unfairly for your own advantage and gain. Coercion means persuading someone to do something using force or threats. Drug trafficking is where vulnerable young people are used by criminals to network and supply drugs into smaller, rural areas. And County Lines is the term you used to describe the mobile phone network which is used to distribute these drugs. So in this first section, we're going to look at what gangs are, why people join them, and what some issues might be relating to joining gangs. Now, spending time together with mates and getting to know each other and sharing interests and hobbies can be really good and positive, but it can become very dangerous if you join a gang that gets involved in crime. So I'd like you to pause here for a few minutes just to think about why you think people join gangs. So jot some ideas down and then come back when you've completed. Well, how did your answers compare with mine? Well, according to ChildLine, young people join gangs for many reasons. Now some of them include that it can make them feel like they're members and part of something, and they are protected from bullying or from other gangs by being a part of another gang. Fitting in with friends and other gang members and having the same interests as other people like sports or music. Perhaps feeling respected and important and gaining status and feeling powerful. And sometimes making money from crime or drugs is a reason why someone might want to join a gang. Now I'd like to read these options, I want you to think about which ones of the following statements about gangs is false. So pause here and choose the incorrect answer and then resume when you've chosen an option. Now were are you correct? Well, being in a gang is not against the law. Some gangs are involved in crime, and drugs, and violence, and other illegal activities, but being in a gang can affect your future in a very negative way. Now, not all groups are gangs, and it's fine to go out with groups of friends, but you need to be aware of what you might look like to other people. So if you're doing nothing wrong then there's no need to worry, but you need to make sure that you are aware of how you might come across to other people by engaging in certain behaviours when you're in groups with mates. So for example, don't trespass and go onto other people's property, don't shout-out, or intimidate, or make gestures, or behave in a way that could potentially be threatening to other people. If somebody starts to goad you or you worry of other groups of people, just walk away, and maybe go and report that behaviour to a trusted adult or someone that you know. And it's always a good idea to let people know where you're going in the first place, so let someone, an adult, a trusted adult, know where you're going if you're going out with groups of friends. Now some gangs are involved in illegal activities, including crime, drugs, and violence. I want you to pause here to look at the statements below and choose which of the following are problems that you think are associated with illegal activities in gangs. Now, if you end up being part of a gang like this, it can be very dangerous. So did you get them right? If you are part of a gang, it can affect your future in a very negative way. You might be unsafe and you could be threatened, you could also be controlled by other gang members. Potentially, your family and friends might be threatened, and you're exposed to dangerous situations where you might end up getting into fights with other gangs. You might be forced to do things that you don't want to do and you might be given gift and then have these used against you as a way of coercing you into behaviours that you don't want to engage with. People are not going to like you more by you being part of a gang and you can end up getting into a lot of trouble with the law. So speaking to a trusted adult can really help. People join gang for many reasons, including to wanting to fit in and to feel respected and important. Do you think this is a true or false statement? Just pause every few seconds while you consider that. I'm hoping you chose the true option. Other reasons include having the same interests and hobbies, wanting to feel powerful and gain status, and being protected from bullying by other gangs, and also making money from crime and drugs like we mentioned earlier. So in this next section we'll be focusing on recognising early signs of gang coercion and investigating more about County Lines. According to the National Crime Agency, County Lines is where illegal drugs are transported from one area to another, often across police and local authority boundaries, usually by children or vulnerable people who are coerced into it by gangs. And the County Line is the mobile phone line that's used to take order of the drugs. Now a common feature in County Lines is that young people, or sometimes vulnerable adults, are exploited by drug dealers so that they can avoid the police and get into trouble with the law. And in some cases, the dealers even take over people's property and to use that property for their criminal activities. Now, young people who are exploited like this are quite often trafficked to areas a long way from home. Like we've seen in the case of child sexual exploitation, young people often don't see themselves as being victims and they don't realise that they've been groomed or coerced into things. So it's really important that we stay alert and play our part in making sure that we speak up about any concerns that we've got. So what I'd like you to do here is to pause and think about how you can tell if it is happening in your area. So pause now, make a list of suggestions, what sorts of things would you looking out for? Pause now and then come back when you've completed your list. So how did your answers compare with mine? Well, there might be an increase in new visitors or cars to a house or flat, there might be substance misuse and evidence of drug paraphernalia scattered around, there could be new or regularly changing residents and who have different accents compared to the local accent, there might be unexplained injuries or sometimes unexplained unaffordable gifts and new things lying around like jewellery or clothes. A young person might have a change in mood or demeanour and they become secretive, or withdrawn, or aggressive, maybe emotional. And changes in the young people the way that young people might dress might be another sign. Also, some young people might go missing for long periods of time, or they might seem unfamiliar with your community or where they are. There might be a lot of truancy or exclusion or disengagement from school and an increase in antisocial behaviour in the community. You might also see young people being seen in different cars and taxis driven by unknown adults. Now I'd like you to take a second just to look at these following statements and think about County Lines and see what, which one you think might be false. So pause here for a few seconds and read through and choose which option you think is false. Are you correct? Well, tackling County Line is a priority for UK Law Enforcement and there is a multi-agency approach in place to help tackle County Lines. And as we've said before, children often don't see themselves as being victims or that they've been groomed into criminal activity. So if you have any concerns about County Lines, it is not best to keep quiet and stay out of it. Now, nobody's saying you should go and tackle and confront people yourself, but if you've got any concerns, do you make sure that you report it or pass it on to a trusted adult. So in this last section, we're going to look at how people can seek support and report any concerns about gangs or County Lines that they might have. Leaving a gang is not always easy. Now I'd like you to make a list of any suggestions that you can think of which could help you do this safely. Pause here, make a list, and come back when you've compiled it. Now how did your answers compare with mine? Well, for a start, you could try and find some friends who are not in gangs and try and spend less time with the gang. You could also try to avoid places where you know that the gangs might be. Try and find new hobbies or focus on things that you enjoy, like music, or sports, or reading, dancing. Try and speak to a trusted adult, so a family member that you trust or teacher or youth worker or somebody you know will have your back and that you can rely on. You can also contact Gangsline on the internet for free advice and support from ex gang members. And if you or anyone else is in immediate danger you can dial 999 for urgent help from the police. Now what I'd like to do now is to pause the video here to complete a peer of advice sheet aimed at highlighting what County Lines is, the dangers of joining a gang, and how you can get help and support. So pause now to complete the activity and then return when you've completed. Now the key learning point from this lesson, are that joining a gang can be dangerous and have long-term lasting effects on your life. There are many ways that gangs and criminals can control vulnerable and young people. And it's important to be able to recognise the signs of County Lines and to report concerns because getting appropriate help and support is absolutely vital. So what I'd like you to do now is to pause the video to complete your exit quiz. To check the understanding of the content of this lesson and the overall unit. Well done on completing the final lesson in this unit. Really enjoyed working with you and I look forward to seeing you again sometime soon, bye for now.

Unit Overview: Being safe: The law (consent, exploitation, and harassment)

Lessons:

Sexual consent and the law

Harassment, abuse and rape

Domestic violence

Grooming, exploitation and coercion

County Lines