An advantage of a top-down project is...

The true statement is...

The River Congo is a good river on which to build a hydroelectric dam because...

An advantage (positive impact) of building the Great Inga Dam in the DRC is...

A disadvantage (negative impact) of building the Great Inga Dam is that...

How can top-down projects promote development?

﻿Hi, everyone, welcome to this lesson in the development unit of work. In today's lesson, we are going to be learning about a West African country. We are going to specifically be looking at Nigeria, which is a fascinating country. It's classed as an emerging country, because of the rate at which it's developing, and I hope you find the lesson really, really interesting. So you need, as ever, something to write with, so a pen, something to write on, so an exercise book or a piece of lined paper, and when you're somewhere quiet where you can focus, hit play, and we will start properly. Hello, my name is Mr. Burton, welcome to this lesson in the development unit of work. In today's lesson we will be learning about the country of Nigeria. We're going to look at where it is, and some of its key characteristics. So for today's lesson, as normal, you will need a pen, a pencil, and then either an exercise book or a piece of paper to write on. So please pause the video now, to go and gather together those things so you are ready, and when you're ready to go, hit play, and we will start properly. So today we are going to look at the country of Nigeria, which is in the continent of Africa. Nigeria is the most populous country in Africa, and the seventh most populous country in the world, with an estimated 206 million inhabitants. So it's located in the continent of Africa, and in particular, it's in West Africa, and you can see some of the bordering countries there on the map. It has a coastline on the Gulf of Guinea, which is in the Atlantic Ocean. So your first task today is to use the map to describe the location of Nigeria. Specifically you need to describe its location within Africa, and you can use compass directions to do that, you'll see there's a north arrow on the map to show you which way is north. You need to describe the countries that border Nigeria, and any oceans. I'm going to model this, but for a different African country. I'm going to model this for Somalia, which is a country in eastern Africa, and I've put a label to it there on the right hand side. So Somalia is located in east Africa. On Somalia's western border is Ethiopia. And Somalia borders the Indian Ocean to the east. So there is a model for how you might do a similar task for Somalia. Your job, though, now, is to do this task for Nigeria, so please pause the video here, and write three, four sentences to describe Nigeria's location within Africa, please. So pause the video here to have a go at that. Okay, so here are the answers. So you should have said Nigeria is located in west Africa, countries that border it, you could have said a few things, so on Nigeria's southeastern border is Cameroon, you could have also said to the north is Niger, you could have said to the northeast is Chad, and to the west is Benin, any of those were fine. Oceans that border it, to the southwest is the Atlantic Ocean and the Gulf of Guinea, so please pause the video here to mark and correct your work. Well done if you've got all of those key details. And we're going to begin by looking at some key characteristics of the country of Nigeria. You've been presented with a map of Africa showing population density. Population density is the number of people that live in a square kilometre, and if we look at the key, first of all, on the right hand side, the darkest red colour indicates lots and lots of people, so that darkest shade of red is indicative of 250 plus people per kilometre squared, and the very palest yellow is showing not very many people, so sparsely populated areas. And you should see straightaway that Nigeria is covered in lots of that dark red shade, so it's a very densely populated country, but also, if you begin to make comparisons with the rest of Africa as a whole, you will see it's a very, very densely populated country, specifically as well around its southern coastline. For the second characteristic of the country that we're going to look at is its population, so Nigeria's population has grown rapidly over the last 60 years, and you can see that in the graph on the right hand side. In 2020, Nigeria's population was recorded as 196 million people. And by way of comparison, the UK's population in the same year was over 66 million. So based on what we've talked through so far, Nigeria's population is dot, dot, dot. Your job is to pick the two correct options from the four possible options on screen now, so shout both answers out. So Nigeria's population is, dot, dot, dot? So you should have said that it's increasing, and you should have said that it's 196 million people. Well done if you got both of those correct. And Nigeria's capital city is Abuja, and you can see a photograph there showing you the capital city. So it lies in the central part of Nigeria. It has a population of just over 3.2 million. It became the capital city on the 12th of December 1991, and previously to that, Lagos, which is a city on the coast, was the capital city, but Abuja became the new capital city on the 12th of December 1991. You can see in this image Abuja's more central position than Lagos, which is located on the coast, so Abuja was chosen as the new capital city, partly because of its central position in the country. But Lagos is the largest city in Nigeria, however. It's located on the Gulf of Guinea. It's the main financial centre for the whole of West Africa, and you can see an image there of Lagos. So based on what we talked through, the capital of Nigeria is dot, dot, dot, please shout out the answer in three, two, one. So the capital city is Abuja. Well done if you got that correct. The Niger River is the third longest river in Africa, after the Nile and the River Congo. Its source is in the Guinea Highlands. It travels through Nigeria, discharging through a large delta, known as the Niger Delta or the Oil Rivers, into the Gulf of Guinea in the Atlantic Ocean. This is quite important, because commercial shipping in the Atlantic can navigate large portions of the river. Therefore, it serves as an important transport route, particularly for industry in Nigeria, and it's also a really good source of water for farming and industry. A key term and a key concept that you need to be aware of is GDP per capita, which is the total number of goods and services sold by a country, divided by its population. Per capita literally means per head, or per person, so what I'd like you to do is to write down this key term and its definition in your notes for today's lesson please, so pause the video now to do that. So now that you know what GDP per capita means, this is a graph showing you how Nigeria's GDP per capita has changed through time, and it starts in 1960, and the final date is 2018, so the years are on the x axis along the bottom. GDP per capita is on the y axis, and this is always, nearly always, expressed in US dollars. So if we're looking at this graph, you should be able to identify the general pattern by what has happened to GDP per capita between 1960 and 2018. So this feeds into a task that you need to do now. So please pause the video to complete this task. You need to describe what's happened to Nigeria's GDP since 1960, and your success criteria is as follows: you must describe the general trend, which means the general pattern, give some data to support your trend, so either a specific year, or a specific GDP value, remember, it's in dollars, and is there an anomaly? An anomaly is something that doesn't quite fit the pattern, so please pause the video now to complete this task. So let's have a look at our answer. So the general trend, well, the GDP per capita has increased, I think that's quite clear from the graph. Then you get a tick if you gave some data. So in 1960 it was around $100 per capita, and by 2018 this had risen to $3,500 per capita. An anomaly you might say, however, it did decrease between 1980 and 1990. So please pause the video here to mark your response in a similar way to the one, that this response has been marked. So it's quite interesting to compare Nigeria's GDP per capita with other countries within Africa, because Africa is a continent, and people commonly confuse it as a country, it's a continent of vast difference. So you can see that the Democratic Republic of Congo's GDP per capita is lower than the value for Nigeria, however, Morocco's is higher. So Africa is a continent where you've got different countries at different levels of development, and you've also got the UK's GDP per capita of $42,943 as well by way of comparison. So if we know that GDP per capita is increasing, why is this significant, what does it mean? Well, often if a country has a higher GDP per capita, they can spend more on schooling and education for their population, they might also be able to spend more on healthcare and doctors, and training for healthcare professionals, they might also be able to spend money on infrastructure and industry, maybe water supply as an example of infrastructure, so increased GDP per capita, an increased GDP, is beneficial for people in lots and lots of different ways. So your final extended written task is on the board now, so please pause the video to complete it. You have to suggest two possible impacts of the increased GDP for the people of Nigeria. And you've got the graph on the right hand side to remind you what's happened to GDP per capita in Nigeria between 1960 and 2018, and your success criteria is that you've got to use connectives in your writing to ensure that you're fully explaining the impacts for people. So phrases like this means that, which means, therefore, as a result, would be really good phrases to use. So here is a model answer that's been written. So the rapid increase in GDP in Nigeria could have led to greater government spending on infrastructure projects like road and rail networs, therefore, that's the connective, the country would be better connected, and as a result, another connective, the investment could lead to a further increase in trade and GDP. So there is a model for how you might go about this question. So please pause the video here, and suggest two possible impacts of the increased GDP for the people of Nigeria. It should take you eight minutes or so. So pause the video here for eight minutes, and have a go. There are two possible answers that I think probably you will have talked about. So I guess some of you will have said that the rapid increase in GDP in Nigeria could have led to greater government spending on healthcare, therefore illnesses which may have been missed in the past would now be treated, and as a result, life expectancy would increase. So if you talked about improved spending on healthcare, that is a clear chain of reason that you might have written about. Or you could have said the rapid increase in GDP in Nigeria could have led to greater government spending on education, therefore more children would have access to a high quality education, and as a result, literacy rates would rise. So you can tick your responses in line with how these have been ticked on screen now. So that brings us to the end of today's lesson. Well done for the fantastic learning you have achieved. Before you close this lesson, make sure you have completed the exit quiz to test and consolidate your learning. Next lesson we are going to be looking at Nigeria's importance regionally and internationally. I hope that we see you then.

Today we have looked at the location of Nigeria and what it is like. How much can you remember?

Nigeria is located in...

The capital of Nigeria is...

The main river that runs through Nigeria is...

The largest city in Nigeria is...

Since 1960 the GDP per capita in Nigeria has...

Where is Nigeria and what is it like?

Nigeria is an emerging country on the west coast of Africa.

Quality of life is different to that in the Democratic Republic of Congo.

In this lesson we will find out where Nigeria is and what it is like. We will learn that Nigeria is a rapidly developing country.

Geography

Y7 Geography

Key Stage 3

Year 7

Development

UNIT

What is development?

How do we measure development?

What is the human development index?

Where is the Democratic Republic of Congo and what is it like?

What are the causes of uneven development?

How can bottom-up projects promote development?

How important is Nigeria?

How sustainable is oil extraction in Nigeria?

Development indicators are...

Some development indicators are calculated using 'average', 'per 1000 people' or a percentage (%) because...

The following question is about aid

One feature of a bottom-up project is that it is...

Sustainable development is...

The human development index is a composite index, which means...

The human development index (HDI) uses...

The Democratic Republic of Congo is located in the continent of...

The 'development gap' is...

Economic development is...

Gross domestic product (GDP) is...

Nigeria is said to be the financial centre of...

Using the graph below, what statement below best describes the oil extraction in Nigeria between 1980-2010.

Lesson overview:Where is Nigeria and what is it like?

Development: