Well done for your hard work the previous lesson! Have a go at the quiz to see how much you can remember!

Which of these is not a country in South America?

What is the capital of Peru?

What is a human geographical feature?

Which is the highest capital city of the world?

Which South American country has the largest oil reserves?

What are some of South America’s most important human features?

﻿Hello everyone, and welcome to our geography lesson today. My name is Miss Harrison, and we're going to be continuing our geography unit, looking at the continent of South America. Now we've already looked at some of the physical features, and the human features we can find on the continent of South America. And today we are going to zoom in on one country in particular. And we're going to look at the geography of Chile, which is very exciting. Now, you might notice behind me, a beautiful landscape full of a dry desert and some mountains. And this is the Atacama Desert, which is in the north of Chile. And that's one of the physical features we're going to look at in our lesson today. So, let's begin. We're thinking today about, what is the geography of Chile? And in our lesson today, we are going to recap the seven continents of the world. I know you guys have been practising that, loads. So we're going to be really great at that. We're going to think about where Chile is on the continent of South America. We're going to look at the human and the physical geographical features we can find. And then we're going to think about the natural resources in Chile. Those are things that occur naturally in Chile. Products that might not be available in other places. So we'll learn more about that later in our lesson. For today's geography lesson, you're going to need a piece of paper or a notebook to write on. And you're going to need a pencil or a pen to write with. And of course, you're going to need your huge geography brain. If you haven't got one of those things with you, and you need to run and get them, then you can do so now. Okay, so we're ready to get started. And my first challenge for you today, is to see if you can remember all seven continents of the world. And I'm going to try and trick you today, see if you can recognise them by their shapes. I'm just going to show you the shape of the continent, and they're in a different order to how they were last lesson. So have a look closely at the shape of each continent, and write down the name of that continent. Here are your continents. Pause the video now, and see if you can write down the name of each one. Off you go. Okay, let's see how many we managed to get just by their shape. So, our first one, continent a was the continent of Europe. Give yourself a tick if you got it correct. Then we had... Africa. Then continent c was... Asia. Continent d was... Australia. Continent e was... Antarctica. Then continent f we have... North America. And continent g we have... South America. If you got all of those correct, give yourself a big tick for each one. If there are any that you didn't quite get correct this time, that's okay. You can just mark them, and fix those mistakes. And write down the correct names of those continents. I'm going to test you on them again in our next lesson. Making sure we're remember those names of the continents. Now, challenge number 2 of our lesson. Can you remember the different countries there are within South America? So, remember, South America is a continent made up of 12 different countries. Before we have a look at those countries, I want you to write down as many of those South American countries you can remember. So writing down the names of them. Pause the video now. See how many you can do. Okay, awesome work, everybody. Let's see if you managed to get all of these countries. So, we're going to go one by one from the south of the continent, we have Argentina. Then we have Chile. Which is the country we're going to focus on today. Next up, we have Uruguay. Then we've got Paraguay. Next up, we have Bolivia. Then, Peru. And we've got Brazil. And we have Ecuador. Colombia. French Guiana, now it's not a country in itself, it's a territory of France. But that's that piece of land in the north of the continent. Then we have Suriname. Venezuela. And then, Guyana. If you got all of those right, give yourself a big pat on the back. If there are any that you didn't quite remember today, write them down now so that you'll remember them for next time. Okay, awesome work, guys. So, today we are going to be focusing on just one of the countries within South America. And that's the country of Chile, which is in the southern part of the continent. And we're going to think about, what is Chile like? Now you can see a map of just Chile on its own there. And the Chilean flag as well. So, we are going to be looking at the two types of geographical features today. So let's recap the those. A physical geographical feature is part of the natural landscape of the earth. So, it's not made by humans. It's something that occurs naturally on the earth. For example, mountains, lakes, beaches and rainforests. Whereas, a human geographical feature are things that are related to the behaviour of humans. So places where humans live, or things which humans have built or use, like cities, villages, shops, factories, and schools. Today, we're going to look at both of those things within the country of Chile. So, first of all, let's look at some human features that we can find in Chile. So, here's our map of Chile. And Chile has a population of 19.1 million people. The main language spoken within Chile is Spanish. And it's a very diverse country, with people living in villages, and towns, and cities of different sizes. There's lots of diversity within Chile. And the capital city is Santiago. Now, you might remember Santiago from our last lesson, looking at different capital cities within South America. Let's have a little recap on what Santiago is like. So, it's located in central Chile. And there 6.7 million people that live there. So the population of Santiago, the capital of Chile, is bigger than the population of all of Scotland. Wow. Now, it's located near the Andes mountains, and there are lots of different human features within the city. Like offices, like different types of housing, like shops and restaurants and cafes, and schools and universities as well. There are also other areas of interest, and other human features like the football stadium, which you can see on the left-hand side. The Estadio Nacional, which seats 48,000 people. And there are also lots of markets and shops as well. So lots of different human features within that capital city. Now, not all of the cities in Chile are the same as Santiago. There are lots of smaller places, or different towns or villages where people live. So let's look at another human feature. And this is another smaller town within Chile. And it's called San Pedro de Atacama. So, Atacama, you might remember, is the name of the desert in the north of Chile. And San Pedro de Atacama is a town in the north of Chile, within the area of the Atacama desert. It's near the Andes mountains and the climate is very, very dry. So, it doesn't rain very much in this place. And the town itself is located really high up, above sea level. So the height of it is 2,408 metres high. So it's located quite high up, which means that it can be quite warm in the day. But it can get very cold there at night. And just to compare the height of this town, San Pedro, is higher than any mountain in the UK. Which is really, really interesting. Now, it has a population of only two and a half thousand people. So a lot less than the capital city of Santiago. And you might notice from the pictures, that some of the buildings and the roads look slightly different to how they do in the capital. So this a different kind of human settlement that we can find within Chile. Next up, we have another city, which is called Valparaíso. And it's a city about 87 miles away from Santiago. And it's located on the coast. It's very well known for its coloured houses, which you can see in the picture. And it's an important port city, so lots of activities like trading things with other countries. And also fishing goods are also traded and used here at the port of Valparaíso. And the population of this city is just under 1 million, so it's less people live there than they live in Santiago. But more than San Pedro, that we've just looked at. So now we've thought about some of the different human settlement, and the different human features within Chile. So, we've looked at different types of buildings, different houses, football stadiums, schools and ports and boats. I want you to have a think about the area where you live. So, what human features are there in your area? So it can be anything that is made by humans, or used by humans. That's not a natural part of the landscape. So for example, in my area, I live in the south of London, and there are loads of human features near where I live. There are train stations, there are lots of cafes, and restaurants. There is a sports stadium very near to my house as well. So, I want you to pause the video now, and write down some human geographical features that there are in your area. So your sentences might look like this. I live in... And tell me where you live. And then some human features in my area are... And think of all of those different human features that you can think of in your area. Pause the video now. Have a go. Okay, great work, everybody. I hope you got a lovely list of human features written down in your local area. Now we're going to move on to thinking about different physical features that we can find in Chile. Now, the physical geography of Chile is quite different to that of the UK. Now, Chile is located in the southwest of the continent of South America. And it borders with Argentina, Bolivia, and Peru. So you can see that on the map, it's got Argentina, and Bolivia, and Peru that border the country of Chile. And it's a very long country. It's 2,700 miles from the north of the country, to the south of the country. And because it's so long from north to south, it has a very varied climate. From snowy mountains to deserts. So, in comparison, so if we think about Chile, is 2,700 miles from north to south. The UK is only 600 miles from north to south. So, Chile is 3 times or more than 3 times, more than 4 times, in fact, as long as the UK. And because of that, the climate and the different weather changes throughout the country. So it's very, very dry in the north. And it's very, very cold and snowy down in the south. And, Chile is within the southern hemisphere. So, it's below the equator. And that means that when we, in the UK, have our seasons, the seasons in Chile are the opposite. So, when we have summer here in the UK, around July and August, in Chile, that's their wintertime. And when it's their summertime, that's our wintertime. So the seasons swap over because they're in the southern hemisphere. Whereas we, in the UK, are in the northern hemisphere. And there are loads of different landscapes within Chile. And loads of different physical features that are different in different places in the country. For example, the north, where the desert is, we're going to look at that in a moment, to the very cold parts of the south. Because the very south of Chile, right at the bottom, is close to Antarctica. So, it can be very snowy and very icy. Now, based on what we already know about the geography of Chile, I would like you to pause the video and write down 2 differences between the physical geography of Chile, and the physical geography of the UK. You can think about the length of it, you can think about the different types of weather that we know already occur in Chile. If you want to go back and listen to that explanation again, or look at the facts on the previous slide, then you can rewind the video before you do this task. So, pause and have a go. Fantastic. Okay, so we're ready to look at some of those physical features of Chile. The first one is mountains. So, we talked in our previous lesson about the Andes mountain range. And it begins at the southernmost point of South America, in Chile. And it stretches all the way through Chile, and up through the continent of South America, to Colombia in the north. And, the Andes is full of dramatic peaks. Such as those that are in Patagonia, which is in the very south of Chile and Argentina. And some of those include the Torres del Paine National Park, which you can see on the screen. And Mount Fitz Roy, which is on the border between Chile and Argentina. So, mountains are a key physical feature we can find in Chile. Next, we have a very different landscape of the Atacama Desert. So we've talked about this in previous lessons, but let's just recap. So it's in the north of Chile, and stretches into Bolivia. It covers over 100,000 square kilometres. So, it's huge. And it's one of the driest regions in the world. So it barely ever rains there. Now many people also live within the region of the desert, like we saw the town of San Pedro earlier. And it's quite warm in the day, but it can be very, very cold in the desert at night. But it's great for stargazing, so you can see that image on the board there. It's really an awesome place to look at the stars, because there are very few clouds and there's not very much light pollution. So it's a great place to see stars at night. So, we've looked at mountains. We've looked at the desert. Now let's have a look at some volcanoes. That's a feature we haven't seen yet, in this unit. Now, in Chile, there are around 620 active, and dormant volcanoes across Chile. And the tallest of those is the Ojos del Salado, which is the tallest peak in Chile, and it's 6,893 metres tall. And it's the highest volcano in the whole world. Which is really cool. There's also, you can see on your screen, the volcano of Villarrica, which is further south in Chile. And it's an active volcano, so it still erupts sometimes. But you can climb it on guided tours, which is really cool. Now, also, within the south of Chile, we also find quite a lot of lakes. And there are many lakes across Chile, not just in the south. But in Patagonia, which is the southern region of Chile, many lakes are formed near the mountains and glaciers. Which makes them very, very cold. So you can some kind of lakes with snow and ice on the mountains around them as well. So, we have thought about the human features that we can find in Chile. And we've talked about some of those natural features, the physical features that we can find in Chile. Now, we're going to have a think about the natural resources that can be found there. So, in our last lesson, we looked at economic activity, and that's things that countries can buy or sell or trade to make their money. And Chile, is actually quite lucky, because they have a lot of good resources that occur naturally in their country. So, because it has a varied climate and landscape within the country of Chile, that means it has lots of natural resources, because of that special geography. Now, it has resources such as precious metals, like copper, silver, gold and iron. It also has very good quality soil because of its climate, and that means that it's easy to grow crops, and like, fruits and vegetables, and for grass to grow to farm animals as well. And Chile also has very large natural gas reserves, which are in the south. And natural gas can be extracted from the ground, and can be sold or traded to make different types of energy that we, humans, use all around the world. And also, trees grow very well in Chile, which means they can be cut down and used for timber production, which is using wood to make different products. So, let's take a closer look at some of those natural resources. The first one we're going to look at is copper. Now, copper is a precious metal. And the same process, the same geographical process that form the mountains in Chile, also produce very valuable metals under the ground. And copper is a valuable metal, because it's used in many products that we, humans, use all the time. Like electrical wires, often within the plastic coating of the electrical wire inside, there is a copper wire, because it conducts electricity well. And within Chile, there are lots of mines where people go and dig underground for copper. And so that copper can be sold worldwide. And that's one of the ways that Chile, as a country, makes its money. So that's one of the natural resources. Then we have that great soil that we talked about earlier. So, because the soil is so good, it means it's easy to grow crops. And that's because of the climate, because it has quite a mild climate, particularly in the central parts of Chile. It means that they're able to grow lots of different foods. For example, grapes, which can be crushed and used in wine. And Chile actually produces a lot of wine, it's quite famous for it, worldwide. As well as things like tomatoes, and olives, and avocados. So, it's got good soil. And a good climate to grow those things. Then we have timber production as well. So, again, because of the climate, lots of trees can grow really easily within Chile, and they have lots and lots of forests, like the one that you can see on the right-hand side. And because of those extensive forests throughout the country, timber is a valuable, natural resource. So trees can be cut down and chopped into bits of wood that can be used either to sell abraoad, or to make wooden products. So, those are just some of the natural resources that Chile has. Now, I want you to have a think about those natural resources, and how do they help the country to make money? So, how do they help to produce income for the country of Chile? Now, here's a sentence starter to get you started. So, think about one natural resource that we've just talked about. One natural resource found in Chile is... Then you're going to tell me what it is. This is an important resource because... And maybe tell me what that material is used for, or why it's important for humans. And how can it help the country to make money? So, it can help the country to make money because... Mm. So think about one natural resource that we learned about in Chile. Why is it important. So, what is it used for. And how can that help the country to make money. So, pause the video now and see if you can write me at least one sentence. If you want to go ahead and write more than one, that would be amazing too. Pause the video, have a go. Okay, team, excellent work today. That's the end of our lesson for today. And well done for all of your great work. Now, if you enjoyed our geography lesson today, and you would like to share some of your work with the Oak National team, then you could ask a parent or carer to take a photo of your piece of work. And put it on social media, tagging @OakNational, with a hashtag, #LearnwithOak. That way, some of your teachers might be able to see the amazing work that you are doing. So, well done for your hard work today. Tomorrow, not tomorrow. In our next lesson, we are going to be looking at Chile in depth again. And we're going to be comparing it to our country, the United Kingdom. To see what the similarities and the differences are. So, awesome work today, team. I will see you next time. Bye!

Well done for your hard work this lesson! Have a go at the quiz to see how much you can remember!

Which of these countries does not border Chile?

What is the capital of Chile?

What is the name of the mountain range that stretches from the south of Chile all the way to Colombia?

What is the name of the desert in the north of Chile?

Which of these is NOT a natural resource found in Chile?

What is the geography of Chile?

How does Chile's access to natural resources have an impact on its people

In this lesson we will recap our knowledge of the seven continents of the world, then we will zoom into the continent of South America. Then we will focus in on the country of Chile. We will explore the physical and human geographical features and then look at the natural resources found there.

Geography

Y4 Geography

Key Stage 2

Year 4

Miss

Building Locational Knowledge: South America

UNIT

Which countries are in South America? What physical features can we find in South America?

Lesson overview:What is the geography of Chile?

Core Content

Building Locational Knowledge: South America: