A huge well done on completing lesson 8! Let's see what you remember.

The 'Beast from the East' was caused by a...

The 'Beast from the East' resulted in ...

Environmental impacts are ...

Which of the following is a social impact?

The most serious weather warning the Met Office can issue is a ...

What was the 'Beast from the East'?

﻿Hello, you wonderful geographers. I'm Miss Sully and welcome to your lesson. This is lesson nine out of 11 in the weather and climate unit. In today's lesson, we will be learning about tropical storms and how they are formed. For this lesson, you will need a pen and paper. So please feel free to pause the video now to get yourself organised and use that time to clear any distractions away. Great, now that we have everything that we need, can you please write down today's title, which you can see on the screen and that is what are the tropical storms and how do we measure them? So please write that title at the top of your page. Pause the video so you have enough time to do that. Great, now that's done, let's get started. On the screen, you can see three images of the impact of tropical storms. I want you to think if you were there, what would you see? What would you hear? How would you feel? Many people that experience tropical storms would see their homes, workplace and schools torn down by the hurricane. They would hear the strong, powerful winds and rain tearing down anything in its wake. I'm sure you've all thought similar feelings, feeling scared and worried. But what causes such destruction? A tropical storm is a huge storm that develops between the tropics. West of the prime meridian in the USA and the Caribbean, these are called hurricanes. To the east of the prime meridian in South East Asia, and Australia, they are called cyclones. But in Japan and the Philippines, they are called typhoons. Tropical storms are incredibly powerful and can cause devastation to small islands and coastal regions, like we saw in the images earlier. So why don't we experience tropical storms in the UK? Is it because the UK is located in the mid-latitudes and not between the tropics where tropical storms are formed? Or is it option two. The UK is located in the polar regions and not between the tropics where the tropical storms are formed? You have three seconds to point at the correct answer. Three, two, one. Correct, it's option one. The UK is located in the mid-latitudes and not between the tropics where the storms are formed. Please pause the video now to write out the correct answer. Great, now that's written down, so we know that tropical storms are located between the tropics, which are along the equator. But how are they formed? The formation of a tropical storm is like baking a cake. We need particular ingredients and a method. In the case of a tropical storm, the ingredients are particular conditions and there is a step-by-step method in their formation. Before you bake a cake, you need all your ingredients first. So let's have a look at those. As we've seen already, tropical storms need to be located between five degrees and 30 degrees north and south of the equator. This is because those areas have warm oceans, which is where tropical storms gets its energy from. The oceans need to be at least 26.5 degrees Celsius or it won't form a tropical storm. They are located at this latitude because a cyclone needs an area of low pressure for the air to rise, condense and form clouds. Surprisingly, in the formation of a tropical storm, there is light winds. If the wind is too strong, it could rip the storms apart. The spin of the Earth or the Coriolis force, is what rotates the tropical storm. Which of the following are conditions needed to form a tropical storm? So please pause the video and write a list on your paper. Great work. The conditions needed to form a tropical storm are low pressure, the spin of the Earth, water which is 26.5 degrees Celsius, which makes it a warm ocean. Latitude of five degrees to 30 degrees north and south of the equator, and also light winds. Give yourself a tick for each one you got correct and make any changes, if needed. Now that we have all the ingredients that we need, or in this case, the conditions, let's look at the step-by-step method for a formation of a tropical storm. First of all, the warm, moist air from the ocean that is 26.5 degrees Celsius creates an area of low pressure. This means that the air is rising. This rising air condenses to produce cumulonimbus clouds. So that's a very challenging word to say but I'd like you all to have a go. Which is a dense vertical cloud as seen in the diagram. As a tropical storm travels over the warm ocean, it's fed by more heat and more moisture, making it bigger and bigger. The natural spin of the Earth causes the rising air to spin. However, as the storm travels over land, it decays, which means breaks down. This happens because the tropical storm loses its energy source, which is the warm ocean. So it's time to pause and check our understanding on the formation of the storm by putting the statements in the correct order. To help, let's look at the first statement, which is warm moist air from the ocean that is 26.5 degrees Celsius rises, creating an area of low pressure. Now, pause the video to write that statement out before writing the other statements in the correct order. Great work. So the correct order is on the screen. Number is rising air condenses to produce cumulonimbus clouds. Number three, as a tropical storm grows, it is fed by more heat and moisture. Number four, the spin of the Earth causes the rising air to spin. And finally, once over land, the storm decays. Tropical storms are characterised by heavy rainfall, strong winds, thunders and lightning, hail, and so on. This can have devastating impacts on people, the economy and the environment. As geographers, we categorise these types of impacts as social, economic and environmental. Social impact is the effect on people and the community. This includes health and education. Economic impact is the effect on jobs and money, which includes cost of damages and loss of employment. Finally, we have environmental impacts, which is the effect on infrastructure, which is pipelines and roads. But also, on nature. So if animal habitats are destroyed. Now that we've gone through the impacts, let's pause and check out understanding. Connect the symbol, the name of the impact and the description of the impact. So let's do one together. The first symbol is of money. So that must be for economic because economic impacts is the effect on money and jobs. So it's now time for you to pause the video, to write down the name of the impact and the description. So already, you can write down economic is the effect on money and jobs. You then need to work out the other two yourself. So pause the video now. Great, so we have the tree represents environmental impacts, which is the effect on infrastructure and nature. So give yourself a tick if that's correct. If not, now is the time to pause and correct it. So finally, we have the stick man representing social impacts, which is the effect on people and the community. So again, give yourself a tick or if you need to correct, pause the video now. Do you think tropical storms are the same strength everywhere? No, there are different category tropical storms and they range from one to five on the Saffir-Simpson scale. As you can see on the screen, category one is the lowest and that means that hurricane wind speed is between 119 and 153 kilometres an hour. Bearing in mind that the top speed on the motorway is 70 miles per hour, which is around 113 kilometres an hour. So even the lowest category is really fast. Category five is wind speed of over 252 kilometres an hour. No wonder tropical storms cause so much damage. So we've now arrived at our main task. You have two questions to answer and as you can see, there's a hint and success criteria box below. The first question is why does a tropical storm dissipate over land? As you can see, the hint is saying that the word dissipate means to lose its energy. So the first question's asking why does a tropical storm lose its energy over land? The second question is asking to explain the formation of the tropical storm and the hint for that question is that there are four steps and you can use the diagram to support you. So please pause the video now to complete the task. Excellent work. So the first answer is that the storm dissipates over land because it's losing its energy source and that energy source is the warm ocean, which is 26.5 degrees Celsius. So make sure that you've mentioned that it loses its energy source and that is the warm ocean and also include the temperature. So please give yourself a tick if you've got that correct. And if you need to add anything to your answer, pause the video now. And the second answer is warm, moist air from the ocean, that is 26.5 degrees Celsius rises, creating an area of low pressure. As the air rises, it condenses to produce cumulonimbus clouds. As a tropical storm grows, it is fed by more heat and moisture. The spin of the Earth causes the rising air to spin. So there I have the four steps that there's warm moist air from the 26.5 degrees Celsius ocean rises, creating low pressure. That's my first step. The air condenses to form clouds is my second step. It grows because of heat and moisture from the ocean. Third step and fourth step is the spin of the Earth, making the rising air spin. So again, give yourself a tick for everything that you've included. Make sure now that you pause the video and add any detail that you have missed to make sure that answer is perfect. So that's it for today's lesson. So we now know the conditions needed for a tropical storm. The step-by-step formation of one. The characteristics of a tropical storm. And how those impacts are categorised and measured. Next lesson, we'll be looking at New Orleans, which is a city in the USA, which experiences tropical storms. Excellent work today. I'm so proud of you. Bye.

A huge well done on completing lesson 9! Let's see what you remember.

Tropical storms are called cyclones, typhoons and ...

Tropical storms are formed ...

The UK ...

Select the conditions that a tropical storm needs to form.

Tropical storms are measured by ...

What are tropical storms and how do we measure them?

Tropical storms are low pressure systems, found between the Tropics.

Tropical storms are characterised by heavy rainfall, strong winds, thunder and lightning, hail etc.

Tropical storms are measured using the Saffir-Simpson scale.

In this lesson, we will be learning about the natural hazard that is tropical storms. We'll be focusing on the distribution and formation of the tropical storms.

Lesson overview:What are tropical storms and how do we measure them?

Weather and climate: