This quiz will assess you on your knowledge of plant roots as well as information learned in the previous lessons.

The roots have tiny hairs made up of ____________.

Water is absorbed into the root hair cell via __________.

Mineral ions move into the root hair cell via _________.

The _____________ layer has lots of chloroplasts for photosynthesis.

The _____________ layer has lot of air spaces.

Plant Roots

﻿Hi everyone, And welcome back to the Oak National Academy science videos. I'm Mr. Humphries, and I'm going to take you through the organisation at topic. All you're going to need for this lesson is a pen and some paper to write your answers on. So if you haven't got this equipment, I'll give you the opportunity now to pause the video and go and get it. Remember to turn your phone on silent so you aren't distracted throughout the lesson. And if you can try and find a quiet space for you to work and study where you won't be interrupted for the duration of this lesson. When you're ready, let's begin. We're going to start off by looking at transpiration. We'll then have a look at translocation, and then finally we'll revisit the stomata on the leaf. Okay, we're going to start off by looking at this process called transpiration. Now, you might not have heard of this term before, so we're going to go into more detail about what this means. So, as we know, water is needed by the plant to photosynthesize. And as we learned in the previous lessons, our water enters the plant at the roots via the root hair cell. We also know from our previous lessons that photosynthesis takes place in the leaves. So here we're presented with a little bit of a problem. We know that our water enters at the roots, but the water is actually needed in the leaves. So therefore we need to transport water from the roots to the leaves. This movement of water from the roots to the leaves is called transpiration. So let's go over that again. Water's needed by the plant to photosynthesize. Water needs to be transported from the roots to the leaves and this movement of water from the roots to the leaves is called transpiration. Now I've got some white clover from the garden here to show you how important this is. If we have a look we can see the roots here, okay? So, we've got the roots, that's where our water enters. So remember we learned in the previous lesson that water enters the roots via the root hair cell. You can see it's got a really long stem and our leaves are all the way up here. So we actually need to transport the water from the roots to the leaves up here. This movement of water is called transpiration. So water is needed for what? What do our plants need water for? Say the correct answer to your screen after three, three, two, one. Brilliant, water is needed for photosynthesis. And this movement of water from the roots to the leaves is called what? What is that movement called? So say the correct answer to your screen after three, three, two, one. Brilliant, it's called transpiration. So how does transpiration actually occur? Water is transported by xylem vessels. So you'll recall in previous lessons, we've talked about vessels in our body, the blood vessels. These are very similar in the plant. They transport substances. Water is transported by the xylem vessel. Now you need to know a few things about this xylem vessel. Water only moves upward, so it moves from the roots to the leaves. So remember, our water is absorbed in the root and it moves all the way up to the leaves. So water only moves upwards. So water is transported by what vessels? We've just talked about it. Say the correct answer to your screen after three, three, two, one. Brilliant, it's transported by the xylem vessels. Okay, so we know that transpiration takes place through the xylem vessels. Now these xylem vessels are adapted to transport water. How are they adapted? Well firstly, there are no walls between the cells, so the water can move. So if you have a look at our diagram below, you'll see that there are no walls between the cells, so the water can just move directly upwards. Remember water only moves in one direction and that is upwards. And the walls of the xylem are strengthened by lignin. So lignin is a substance that's found in the walls of the xylem, which strengthens them. That's obviously going to be really useful when it's transporting water up those vessels, 'cause it gives it extra strength. So two adaptations that we need to know about. There's no walls between the cells so water can move upwards. And the walls of this xylem are strengthened by lignin. So the Xylem has no what between the cells? So this allows water to move. We've just talked about it. Let's see if we were listening. Say the correct answer to your screen after three, three, two, one. Brilliant, the xylem has no walls, okay. So there's no walls between the cells. This allows water to move. It's only going to go in one direction, which is upwards. And the walls of his xylem are strengthened by what? So what makes those walls of the xylem stronger? Correct answer, say it to your screen after three, three, two, one. Brilliant, they are strengthened by lignin. Okay, let's see if we've got the key points there. Pause the video and try the questions on your screen now. Okay, let's see how we got on. I'm going to go through the answers together now. So water is transported from the roots to the leaves via transpiration. That's the process of the movement of water there. So water is transported from the roots to the leaves via transpiration. Now water moves through the vessel called the xylem. So it's transported from the roots to the leaves and it moves through the xylem. And it's got two adaptations that make it good at its job of transporting water. The xylem has strong walls made of lignin, and then there's no walls between the cells, so the water can just move straight upwards. Well done if you got all three of those answers there. So we've talked about how water is transported from the roots to the leaves. However, that's not the only thing that needs to be transported around the plant. All of the cells in our plant need glucose in order for respiration to take place. So sugar is needed by all the cells in the plant so that they can respire. So sugar needs to be transported from the leaves to all other cells. So if we have a look at our plant again, remember we know that photosynthesis takes place in the leaves. So photosynthesis produces glucose, but it's not just the leaves that need that glucose, okay? It's transported around the plant. You'll notice though, that unlike water, our glucose needs to be transported around the whole plant. So it's not just going to go up. It's not just going to go down. It's going to move in both directions. So this movement of sugar is called translocation. So let's have a look at those three points again. Sugar or glucose is needed by all the cells in the plant so they can respire. It needs to be transported from the leaves to all other cells. And this movement of sugar is called translocation. So translocation is transported by phloem vessels, okay? So just like our water is transported by xylem vessels, sugar is transported by phloem vessels. Now, as we talked about before, the sugar moves in both directions. And the phloem vessels are adapted to transport sugar. Firstly, the cells are elongated. So our phloem cells are elongated to allow sugar to pass through. And also cell sap can move between the cells via the pores in the end walls. So if you look at our diagram below, you'll see that there are walls between the cells, but they have very small holes in them called pores. So let's have a look at that again. Phloem vessels are adapted to transport sugar. Two adaptations. Cells are elongated, and also cell sap can move between cells via pores in those end walls. Okay, so now we've had a look at two different vessels that transport substances around our plant. We've had a look at the Xylem, and we've had a look at the phloem. So which one of these transports water? I want you to tell me whether it's the xylem or the phloem. Say the correct answer to your screen after three, three, two, one. Brilliant, the Xylem transports water, well done if you got that right. So which transport sugar? The xylem or the phloem? Correct answer, say it to your screen. Three, two, one. The phloem, well done. Okay, so substances move in both directions in this vessel. Is it the xylem or is it the phloem? Correct answer to your screen. Three, two, one. Brilliant, it is the phloem, so well done. Now this vessel has walls strengthened by lignin. Is this the xylem or the phloem? Correct answer after three, three, two, one. Brilliant, it is the xylem, well done if you've got that one right. Now, this vessel has end walls and they have little pores, so little holes in the end walls. What vessel is this? Three, two, one. Brilliant, it's the phloem. And this vessel has no end walls. So what vessel is this? Xylem or phloem? Three, two, one. Brilliant, it is the phloem. So now what I'd like you to do is see if we can put all that information we've learned about the xylem and phloem into practise. Pause the video and have a go at the independent task, an exam question on your screen. If you need any help, there are bullet points below that will help you structure your answer. Okay, let's have a look at the correct answer together then. So the question say, describe how sugar and water are transported around the plant. It's worth six marks, so I'm not going to spend any more than six minutes on it. It asked us to describe how sugar and water are transported. So it's worth six marks. I think it makes sense to break this down into three marks each. So three points about how sugar is transported, and three points about how water is transported. So we'll start off by having a look at water transportation. Water is transported around the plant in the process of transpiration. It's transported via the xylem. So that's the vessel that it's transported by. And it moves upwards from the roots to the leaf. So our first three points there, water is transported around the plant in transpiration, so we've named our process. It is transported by the xylem, so we've named our vessel, and it moves upwards from the roots to the leaves. So we've named the direction of travel. So for our second three marking points, we're going to talk about the transportation of sugar. So sugar is transported in the process of? Well done, translocation. Now, it's transported via what vessel? Brilliant, it's transported by the phloem. And sugar, unlike water, moves in both directions through the phloem. Well done if you got most of those marks there. Let's keep on going. So we've talked about the movement of water from the roots to the leaves via transpiration, but what happens when the water actually reaches the leaves? Well, it doesn't just stop there. Water exits the plant by evaporation at the stomata. So on the leaves, you've got these very small holes, or pores, and water evaporates from them, these are called stomata. Now the stomata are usually found on the bottom of the leaf. There's a reason for this. It's because they are less exposed to the sun, and therefore there is less evaporation. So the plant doesn't actually want to lose too much water via evaporation at the stomata. To combat this, there's stomata on the bottom of the leaves, they're less exposed to sunlight, so there is less evaporation. So let's have a go at putting that into practise. Pause the video and complete the sentences on your screen now. Okay, let's have a look at our answers then. Oh, water exits the plant via evaporation at the stomata. Now these stomata are found on the bottom of the leaves. This is because it means they'll be less exposed to the sun and there is less evaporation. Well done if you've got all of those marks there. So, we've almost reached the end of this lesson. Well done for all your hard work and effort. Let's just have a quick summary of what we've gone through. Transpiration is the movement of water from the roots to the leaves. It moves through the xylem vessel. Translocation is the movement of sugar or glucose from the leaves to the other cells in the plant. It moves via the phloem vessel. And the stomata are small pores or small holes on the underside of our leaves where water exits the plant through evaporation. Well done, you've reached the end of this lesson. As always, I think your hard work will pay off, so well done. Before you go, make sure that you click the next button and have a go at the post-lesson quiz. So that's all from me, see you next time.

This quiz will assess you on your knowledge of transport in plants as well as information from previous lessons.

Water is transported via the ________ tissue.

Dissolved sugar is transported in the process of ___________.

Water exits the plants via the _______.

Transport in Plants

In this lesson we will look at how sugar and water are transported through the plants.

Describe the movement of water around the plant by transpiration

Describe the movement of dissolved sugars around the plant by translocation

Explain the role of xylem, phloem and stomata in transport in plants

Combined Science

Y10 Combined Science (Higher)

Key Stage 4

Year 10

Transport in plants

Organisation (HT)

UNIT

Food tests

Digestive enzymes

Digestion

Absorption

Investigating enzymes

pH and enzymes (Part 1)

pH and enzymes (Part 2)

The lungs

Blood and blood vessels

The heart

Heart rate

Heart disease

Non-communicable disease

Cancer

Plant tissue

Plant roots

Investigating transpiration

Review (Part 1)

Review (Part 2)

Maud Leonora Menten

Exam technique

Maths skills

In CHD, the there is a build up of fatty deposits in the ___________.

Heart rate is controlled by ___________ cells.

Pacemaker cells are found in the _________.

Oxygen moves into the blood via _________.

Name the chemical we use to test for starch

What can we use iodine to test for?

Proteins are needed for...

What is the name of the reagent we use to test for sugar?

Complete the sentence: A substrate fits into an enzyme's...

Complete the sentence: Amylase breaks down...

Complete the sentence: Protease breaks down...

Complete the sentence: Protein is broken down into...

Complete the sentence: Fats are broken down into...

Complete the sentence: Amylase breaks down starch into...

Fat is broken down by ____________.

What are the products of fat digestion?

Increasing the temperature beyond the optimum ___________ enzymes

When enzymes are denatured the _________ of the active site changes

When investigating how temperature affects the rate of enzyme activity, the dependent variable is ____________

Arteries carry blood ___________.

Veins have _________ to prevent the backflow of blood.

Select the best answer: The rate of transpiration is a measure of how quickly water is lost from the ______.

Which of the following factors INCREASE the rate of transpiration? Select 3 options

Lesson overview:Transport in plants

Organisation (HT):