A quiz to assess you on what you have learnt in the previous lesson

A student wants to investigate how the colour of her shoes affects the time it takes her to run 100m. What is the independent variable in this investigation?

A student wants to investigate how the temperature of water affect the time it takes for salt to dissolve. What is the dependent variable in this investigation?

When drawing your table, what should be included with the title headings?

What is a control variable?

Which of the following is the correct definition for diffusion?

Diffusion (Part 2)

﻿So welcome to lesson five on plant cells. So, this lesson you going to need a piece of paper or book, a pen, a pencil, possibly a ruler, and make sure all distractions are away from you so you're ready to go. Okay, so the plan for this lesson, we going to have a look at labelling a typical plant cell. We going to to describe the function of the organelles found in the plant cell. And then finally, we going to look at how we use a microscope to view plant cells in focus. So recap question for you. What is a unicellular organism? Say out loud. So hopefully we would have got as a single celled organism. Plant is slightly different. They are multicellular. What do we think multicellular means? Perfect. Multicellular organisms are organisms made up of more than one cell. I'll give you two examples. So humans we are, lions, you can have lots, birds, reptiles, fish, note those examples. Like as I just said, plants are multicellular organisms, which means they have different types of cells. Those different types of cells will do different jobs, which is really, really important. Those plant cells will have many features inside, called organelles. If you would like to, pause the video and jot down some notes, and then unpause when you're done. Okay, so the diagram that you'll see on the screen is of a typical plant cell. There are many different structures that you can see on the screen. I'm going to take you through three at a time. So first one, we have a cell wall, cell wall, repeat back cell wall. Perfect. Good, cell wall. So cell wall is the line on the very outside of that diagram. And we'll talk about what these do in a second, cell wall. Chloroplasts, chloroplast. Can you repeat that back? Fantastic, good, chloroplasts. And then we have vacuole, vacuole. Can you say vacuole? Good, okay. So the three organelles. Those three things that we've just said, are organelles. They are structures that we find within a cell. Lets find a question for you. Can you name the organelle that is being pointed to just say out loud when you know. Hopefully what we got is chloroplast. This is one more is this organelle, hope you would've got that, that is vacuole. And, what is this organelle hopefully we would get that that is cell wall. Okay to continue name these structures we've just looked at those three, cell wall, chloroplast and vacuole. Next three, we have cytoplasm, cytoplasm is referring to that grey area in the back. Cytoplasm, can you say cytoplasm? Great, okay, good. Moving on. We have nucleus. It's that blue structure he is pointing to it's called the nucleus. Can you say nucleus? Great, okay. And the last one in this bit, cell membrane. This is now referring to the outside bit but on the inside. Cell membrane, can you say that back? Fantastic, good. So cytoplasm, nucleus, cell membrane. If you have, it might be worth pausing the video and labelling your diagram if you have drawn it. Okay, quickfire questions. Can you name this organ now? Hopefully we would've got, it's a nucleus well done. Okay, next one. Can you name this organelle? Hopefully what you got is the cell membrane. And what are these organelle? Can you name this? Say it out loud. Hopefully what you got there is cytoplasm. Well done. Okay, so we now have two organelles left. The pink circle, is representing what we call mitochondrion, mitochondrion. Can you say mitochondrion? Fantastic, good, it is the hard one. It's also known as mitochondria. If there's more than one, because in this diagram, we're only referring to one of them, it's mitochondrion. If there's more than one we call it mitochondria. So mitochondrion. Next one. Ribosomes, ribosomes. Ribosomes are now represented in the blue circle. Can you say ribosome? Perfect, good. So mitochondrion, ribosomes. Again, if you've drawn your diagram, it might be worth pausing the video and just adding these in now. Great, for a question then, the pink one, what is the pink one in this diagram? What's the organelle that the arrows pointing to? Hopefully we will get it's the, mitochondrion or mitochondria, would still get your mark. Can you name this organelle? Say out loud. Hopefully we got that this is ribosomes or ribosomes, perfect. We're now going to have a look at the function of each of those organelles. I'm now going to go through those organelles again, but give you now the description of their function. Again, it might be worth if you haven't done this already. Now can be the time to do that. If you want to pause the video and then unpause when you've done it. So, first one, we have the cell wall. So again, we said the cell wall is on the outside of the structure. It's made of a substance called cellulose, repeat back, cellulose. Fantastic good, which supports the cell. So, the cell wall supports the cell, cell wall support the cell. Next one. Cytoplasm, so again cytoplasm is referring to that grey area and all of the covering all of the back of that, is a jelly like substance. And this is where chemical reactions will take place inside of the cell. So cytoplasm, where chemical reactions take place. Next one. We have the vacuole is that big, light-green structure. Contains a liquid called cell sap which will keep the cell firm. So vacuole contains cell sap, keeps the cell firm. If you can't see you can pause now, make some notes if you want to, unpause when you finish. Okay so some quick five questions for you. Cytoplasm is a jelly-like substance where what what takes place? I've given you some clues for the first letters Say out loud when you know. Hopefully what you got it is chemical reactions. Which organelle is made up of the substance called cellulose and is what supports the cell? Say the answer when you got it. Hopefully what you got is the cell wall, well done if you did. What is the function of the vacuole? Hopefully we really got, it is where cell sap is stored, which keeps the cell firm. Really great work if you did get back. Okay, so we're now going to have a look at three more organelles and their function. Again if you need to pause the video make notes. So, the green structure is chloroplasts, chloroplasts. Chloroplasts contain a green pigment called chlorophyll. This is really really important because this is the site of photosynthesis. Nucleus, again pointing to that blue structure. The nucleus carries genetic information, also known as DNA and controls the cell's activities. So, the nucleus contains genetic information, controls the cells activities. Next one. Cell membrane, again its that inner parts of the cell, It controls the movement of substances, in and out of the cell. Those substances are things such as; glucose, oxygen and carbon dioxide. Again, if you need to pause the video, make some notes and then unpause when you're ready. Okay, so complete the following sentence; Say your answer out loud. Hopefully we'd got it is, The nucleus carries genetic information and controls the cell's activities. Next one. Which organelle, contains a green pigment called chlorophyll and is the site of photosynthesis? Say out loud. Hopefully really got, is chloroplasts. Last question. What is the function of the cell membrane? Say out now when you know. So hopefully we really got. It controls the movement of substances in and out of the cell. Great work. Okay, so we're now going to go back to the plant cell, we've got two more organelles to have a look at and their function. So first one, ribosomes, ribosomes, so the arrows pointing to the blue structure. Ribosomes are where protein synthesis takes place. Protein synthesis takes place. Again label your diagram if you've got one. Next one is mitochondria, or mitochondrion membrane if it's only one and this is where respiration takes place. Pause the video if you need some extra time and you want to make some notes and then just unpause when you're ready. So, what is the function of mitochondria? Look at your four options which one you going to go for, say out loud. So hopefully we'd have got, is option three, where the respiration happens. What is the function of the nucleus? Hopefully we'd have got is option four it contains genetic information and controls the cells activities. Which organelle contains a green pigment called chlorophyll, and it's the site of photosynthesis? Hopefully we really got that this is option four, chloroplasts. Which organelle allow substances in and out of the cell? So for this one, it was option three, cell membrane. If you haven't done so already, I'd now like you to pause the video. And I would like you to label a plant cell with the organelles and their functions. If you haven't drawn the diagram, or you haven't got the right shape, feel free to use the diagram that's on the screen and just label one, two, three, four, five, six, seven, eight, on your paper or in your book, writing that down the name of the organelles related to those numbers, and then next to it write down their functions. If you've already done that, this will be a perfect time for you to pause the video and just practise saying them out loud or get someone to test you at home. Resume the video once you've finished. So, hopefully we would have labelled correctly so I pointed to the organelles on that left hand side there for you. And then on the right hand side there is the table with all of the functions. If you would like to pause the video, just add any extras that you might have missed, and then resume when you're ready. We're now going to have a look at using a microscope to look at plant cells. We are now going to have a look at a recap on microscopes. You can see there is an image of a microscope on the screen, with numbers labelled each part of the microscope. I would now like you to label what those parts of the microscope are. So on your bit of paper or in your book, write one to six, and then label using the keywords on the left, what each of those parts mean. If you need to pause the video. Okay, so hopefully we've got that right. I've labelled the names of each part and I've also put the numbers there to support you if you need to. Again, pause the video, if you need some extra time to go through a mark. But hopefully you would have gotten the following order. Number one there is eyepiece lens, two objective lens, three stage, four mirror, five fine focus, six course focus. Well done if you did get those all right. So, looking at plant cells under a microscope. You may have already seen part of this and less than one, if you haven't then great as a recap. If you need a bit more information on how to use a microscope, you can always look at lesson one. So firstly, onion cells is an example of a plant cell. And this is what you'll look at at school under a microscope. So the method, how do we do that? So number one, preparing our onion slide, we need to take a small piece of onion and peel off the membrane from the underside. So once you've cut your onion, we don't want the bit that we actually eat called the flesh. We want the thin piece of membrane on the underside. That is then laid on to a flat surface of the slide. The glass slide, is the image that you can see on the right, there is a glass rectangle. We want to make sure, during this time there's no wrinkles, on the onion, it will just distort what we see under the microscope. Number three, add a small drop of iodine solution, to the onion membrane. Iodine is the image that you can see on the right, you'll see that it's orange in colour. So when we add iodine, it will stain the cell membrane so that we can see easier under the microscope. We only use a couple of drops of this. Four, we lower a thin piece of glass called a cover slip or cover glass over the onion cells. We need to make sure at this point there are no air bubbles. We then lay it down at 45 degree angle and then push slowly and gently, just to try and remove any air bubbles. The reason for that is the air bubbles will be seen under the microscope, just makes it more difficult to see the cells. Finally, we then place that glass slide onto our stage on our microscope. And that's our onion cells prepared. It might look like the following image on the right there. So this is an onion cell that's been magnified under a microscope. I'd like you to now have a good answer to the following questions. Which organelles based on the ones I spoke about earlier, can you see in that image? Why might you not be able to see other structures? And how are these cells arranged? How could you describe it? Pause the video if you need a little bit longer. So hopefully you'll be able to see, you can see the nucleus that black dot is the nucleus, you should be able to see the cell wall and the cell membrane. So the bits on the very outside of the cell, and you might be able to see a little bit of the cytoplasm in the middle. You can't see there's other structures such as the vacuole, the chloroplasts, and the ribosomes and mitochondria. The reason for that, is because the structures are too small. So we need to magnify this image further to be able to see those. How're these cells arranged? Almost like building blocks and really really close together, if we can see that. So what is the name of the chemical used to stain the cells to make them visible under the microscope? Pick one of your options, say out loud. Hopefully we would've got this one is iodine. What must you make sure there is none of when placing the onion membrane on the slide? Hopefully we would get, its wrinkles. Why should the slide be placed onto the microscope in order to see the specimen magnified? pick your option say them out loud. Hopefully we got, is option three on the stage. I now like you to pause the video to complete the following task. Identify the errors in the following method for producing an onion slide. Read through the method, identify the errors, and if you kind of stretch, can you identify what the correct word should be? Resume the video once you've finished. So, hopefully we will really got. Number one, cut the onion, taking off some of the onion membrane. Two, place onto a glass slide, making sure there are no wrinkles. Three, we just add a few drops of iodine to the onion. And four, we place the cover-slip over the gas slide slowly. Massive order and if you've got all of those. If you need to pause and make sure you've got things written down. Then we are done. So we have now gone through and labelled a plant cell. We have looked at the function of each of those organelles that make up that cell. And then we've looked at how to use a microscope to look at plant cell magnified. Well done. What's in piece to do now, is to go and complete the exit quiz. Again, fantastic job for today, well done. Goodbye.

To assess what you have learnt in the lesson on plant cells.

A plant is an example of what type of organism?

What is the name of the organelle that allows substances to move in and out of the cell?

What is the function of the nucleus?

Which part of the cell is made of cellulose and makes the cell strong?

What is the name of the chemical which is added to the onion cells to make them visible under a microscope?

Plant Cells

Describe the function of the organelles in plant cells

Describe how to use a microscope to view plant cells in focus

This lesson looks at the parts that make up a plant cell, their function and how to see a plant cell under the microscope

Science

Y7 Science

Key Stage 3

Year 7

Miss

Plant cells

Cells, tissues and organs

Biology

THEME

UNIT

Microscopes

Unicellular organisms

Diffusion (Part 1)

Plants as organisms

Animal cells

Comparing animal and plant cells

Specialised Cells

Animals as organisms

Digestive system

Respiratory system

Inhaled and exhaled air

Review (Part 1)

Review (Part 2)

Case study of Betty Hay

Which of the following is an adaptation of a sperm cell?

Which of the following is the correct levels of organisation, starting with the smallest to the largest.

Which of the following is the correct equation for respiration?

Name the part of the microscope which moves the stage up and down.

A student looks through an eyepiece which magnifies by 10x and on objective lens 4x. What is the total magnification?

What is the purpose of the fine focusing knob?

A student looks at a moth under a microscope. The moth is 110 mm and the microscope magnifies the images 10x. What is the image size of the moth under the microscope? HINT: use the image size = actual size x magnification equation.

What is the function of cytoplasm found in cells?

Which of the following is not an example of a unicellular organism

Complete the gap in the following definition: Diffusion is the random movement of particles from an area of ________ concentration to an area of _________ concentration.

Which of the following is not a factor affecting the rate of diffusion?

Diffusion takes place in the lungs for gas exchange between oxygen and carbon dioxide. How are the lungs adapted for this to happen efficiently?

Which of the following is an adaptation for the small intestine to allow efficient diffusion of food molecules?

The heart is an example of which of the following?

Which plant tissue transports water around the plant?

Which is the correct definition for nucleus?

Which of the following organelles is only found in a plant cell?

Which of the following is the correct equation for magnification?

Which organelle contains genetic information and controls the activities of the cell?

Which of the following is the correct equation for calculating magnification?

Respiration takes place in which organelle?

What is the independent variable?

Calculate the magnification of an ant if the image size is 2.2mm and actual size is 0.40mm.

The brain, spinal cord and neurons are organs part of which organ system?

Lesson overview:Plant cells

Cells, tissues and organs: