﻿Hello, and welcome to today's lesson. My name is Miss McCall, and today we're going to be learning about the factors that affect water availability. And we're going to focus on four human factors. Before we start, can you please make sure that you have a pen and paper, so that during the lesson, you can write down some notes and complete all the tasks. And can you please make sure that you remove any distractions that might interfere with your learning. Before we do start, can we write down the title of today's lesson and underline it with a ruler. The factors affecting water availability part two. So now we have the title, let's get started. When we discuss water availability, we often use key words for areas with different levels of water supply. One of those key terms is water insecurity. This is the term we use when an area does not have enough water available to ensure the population of that area enjoys good health, livelihood and earnings. This can be caused by water insufficiency, or poor water quality. So there's not enough clean safe water to meet the needs of the population. For the areas who do have enough safe water, we use the key term water security. This is the reliable availability of an acceptable quantity and quality of water for health, livelihoods and production. Water security is very important for improving the quality of people's lives. For example, it can help to reduce poverty, and raise the standard of living. Now let's take a moment to pause the video just to do the map which shows the global access to renewable water sources. Read through question one and two and answer them. So when you're ready, press Pause. And once you've done that, press Play, and we'll reveal the answers. So well done. Did you get them both correct? At question one, how many African countries have an absolute water scarcity? So well done if you got the correct answer, three. So to find the answer, we studied the key, and it tells us that absolute scarcity is shown in red. So well done cause we also can locate the continent of Africa. And if we look at the countries, there's one, two, three in the north of Africa with an absolute scarcity. Well done. Question two, does South America have a water stress or a water surplus? So again, we locate the continent of South America, it's in blue. So if we go to the key, it tells us that areas in blue have a water surplus. Great work and well done for getting two out of two correct. There are far human causes that affect the variability of water in an area. Is it pollution, over abstraction, poverty, and limited infrastructure. So during today's lesson, we're going to learn about what they are and how they lead to water insecurity. The first of our human causes is water pollution. Water pollution is when the water supply is contaminated with waste or chemicals. If we look at the picture, we can see just how bad this gets. So take a moment to think about how our water supplies may become polluted. So did you think about any of the following chemicals from farming, litter or waste, industrial waste, animal waste, or from open sewers, which lead to the spread of waterborne diseases? Water pollution is a major problem that's continuing to get worse as population rises, and as economies develop as more human and industrial waste is dumped into the rivers. This makes the water unsafe to use and can lead to further problems such as illness and damage to river ecosystems. So often our water supplies become polluted with chemical waste from industries or from farming through surface runoff. So that means the water becomes unsafe to use. So if there's a lack of clean water available, people are forced to drink the dirty contaminated water, which therefore increases the risk of catching a waterborne disease such as cholera and typhoid. Another human cause that affects the availability of water is known as over abstraction. This is where we remove water from sources such as wells faster than it can be replaced. For example, in dry areas with low rainfall, we can take water from the well, but the water will not be replaced if there is no rainfall. So we have over abstracted the water available. This can lead to a water stress. A water stress occurs when the demand for water exceeds the amount available. So can you think the reasons for why what is being abstracted at a fast rate from sources such as rivers and wells? So did you think about for farming? For industries? In homes? Or for businesses? You did? Well done you. So we simply abstract too much water. So the water we remove is not being replaced fast enough. So an example of a problem caused by over abstraction is irrigation of crops. So if we ever abstract too much water, farmers will have less water to irrigate their crops. So that would mean that the crop yield would be lower, it could lead to a food shortage which therefore could lead to starvation. Now, let's see what you can remember about pollution and of abstraction. I would like you to read each of the four statements and one, find the errors, and two, correct them. So rewrite the correct sentence out. For example, if a word size small, and it should say large, you will change and correct it. So press Pause to complete the task. And then once you've completed it, press Play to find out what mistakes are and what the correct answers should be. So well done. Did you find them? So if we look at the statements, the words are in bold are where the mistakes were and what the correct answer should be. So statement one, it should read, the pollution of water sources decrease the amount of clean water available. Statement two, water sources are often used as open sewers which increase waterborne diseases. Statement three, over abstraction is when water is being removed quicker than it is being replaced. And the final statement number four, over abstraction can cause a water stress. Well done for finding those mistakes and for fixing them. Brilliant work. We're now going to have a look at how poverty can affect water availability. Poverty often prevents people from having access to safe clean water. In many developing countries, there's a lack of water treatment plants and water pipes as these are very expensive to build. Some communities rely on a shared water supplies. And where water is piped into people's homes, it can be at a high cost. This may result in people having to find water from other sources such as rivers, where the water has not been treated, and it may be unsafe to drink. So the final of our human causes that also affect the availability of water is a limited infrastructure. As countries develop, there may be limited infrastructure as the expense to build them is too high, and they cannot be built quickly enough. Water pipes, treatment plants and sewers may not be available to transport safe, clean water to areas of need. And as the population continues to grow, the issues with limited infrastructure will increase. Now let's see what you've understood about how poverty and limited infrastructure can affect water availability. Read through the false statements and find and fix the errors. Write out what the correct statement should say. As soon as you're ready, press Pause to complete the task, and then press Play to continue and find out the correct answers. So well done. Did you find them all? So the words again that are highlighted in bold are where the errors were and what the correct keywords should be. So statement one, when water supplies are expensive, people may be forced to drink dirty water. Statement two, the water available to poorer communities comes mainly from rivers, and wells. Statement three, poverty prevents people's access to clean water. And statement four, infrastructure to supply clean water to homes is expensive and difficult to build. So great work for being able to find those mistakes, and to correct them. To recap our learning so far, we've looked at the four human causes affecting water availability. They are pollution, over abstraction, poverty, and a limited infrastructure. So we're now ready to complete the final task of today's lesson. Suggest how human factors can affect water availability. So using your learning from today's lesson and the success criteria, I would like you to answer the question. To make sure that we structure a really good answer follow each of the four points in the success criteria. So number one, we'll identify a human factor. At two, we will explain how this factor affects water availability. At three, we'll then progress to adding another human factor. And once again number four, we'll explain how that factor also affects water availability. Before we begin, let's take a look at a model answer to help you understand how to get the maximum marks variable. A human factor which affects water availability is poverty, as access to the main supply might be too expensive for some. This means that some people may have no other option but to drink untreated, dirty water. This means that there is a risk of catching waterborne diseases such as cholera. So here we've picked up three marks. So we started by giving our first example, poverty, which gives us our first mark, then we have use our connective sentence. This means we've explained that it leads to drinking untreated dirty water. That picks up our second mark. And we've continued to develop it even further by talking about how this leads to the risk of catching waterborne diseases. And that gives us a third mark from the same example given. So now that we've seen a model answer to the question, it's your turn. So when you're ready, please press Pause and write out your answer. And as soon as you're ready to review what you've written, press Play. So well done for completing that task. We're going to go through another the model answer. And as we do, I'd like you to review your own answer. So where you think you've given an example, give yourself a tick. And if you have developed it further and explained the example, give yourself another tick. If there's anything that we discussed that you have missed off or you think it would make your answer a little bit better, then please just writing in or make a note of it underneath. So let's start with our first example. A human factor which affects water availability is water pollution from things such as industrial waste and chemicals that are used for farming, which runoff into lakes and rivers. This means that there's a lack of clean water resulting in some people having no other option but to drink dirty water. This can lead to people catching waterborne diseases such as cholera. So that's a really good first example. We've identified water pollution as the human factor. And then we've continued to develop the answer by explaining the problems that water pollution causes. So we get our first mark as we've mentioned water pollution. Then as we've developed the answer and explained it to discuss the drinking of dirty water, as they have no other option gives us our second mark. And we've continued to explain it even further to say how it could increase the risk of catching a waterborne disease such as cholera to give us a third mark for that same example. Let's take a look at another example. So another human factor affecting water availability is over abstraction. This means that there is a reduced supply for industries such as farming. This could result in crop failure as farmers may not be able to irrigate their crops resulting in a shortage of food and price rises. So again, we have another really good example that has picked up three marks, as we've given the example over abstraction, and then we've explained it and developed how that can cause a problem and reduce water availability. And then we've developed it even further to talk about how that could result in a crop failure as farmers have not got enough water to irrigate their crops which results in the shortage of food and price rises to pick up a third and final mark. So how well did you do? Did you get six out of six? Brilliant work. Great task completed, and I know that you will have used two different human factors and explain them really, really well. Super. So that brings us to the end of today's learning on the four human factors that affect water availability. Can you remember all four? That's correct. Pollution, poverty, over abstraction, and limited infrastructure. Well done. So before we finish, can you do one final task and write out the top three things that you have learned today. Great work, well done. So join us next lesson, where we will move on to study the impact that water insecurity has on the quality of people's lives. Take care, and I'll see you next time. Bye for now.

In this lesson we will be studying the human factors that affect water availability.

Geography

Y11 Geography

Key Stage 4

Year 11

Miss

Factors affecting water availability (Part 2)

The global water resource

UNIT

Reasons for increasing water consumption

Factors affecting water availability (Part 1)

Impacts of water insecurity

Strategies to increase water supply (Part 1)

Strategies to increase water supply (Part 2)

Large-scale water transfer scheme: China

Sustainable water supplies (Part 1)

Sustainable water supplies (Part 2)

Increasing sustainable water supplies at a local scale: Kenya

Lesson overview: Factors affecting water availability (Part 2)

Intro Quiz

Video

Presentation

Exit Quiz

Transcript

10 lessons in The global water resource: