In order for natural increase to happen, birth rates need to be...

Which of the following would cause birth rates to decrease? Select two responses.

'Birth and death rates are both high'. Which stage does this happen at?

'Adults are focussed on careers, therefore have babies much later in life'. Which stage does this happen at?

'Contraception is introduced/becomes more widely available'. Which stage does this happen at?

Lesson 4 - How do population structures change?

﻿Hi, it's Miss Lowes here. We're on the fifth lesson now of the population unit. And today we're going to look at how a population structure will change when they become more economically developed and the different factors that affect the birth and death rate as a result. Before we start though, I need you to make sure that you've got a pen or pencil and paper to write on, so something to write on and with, and that you've cleared away any distractions, so any apps going on in the background or conversations or anything that might pop up and distract you from focusing on today's learning, I want you to just turn them off if you can or silence them or whatever you need to do. And the other thing, if you're able to, is to find a quiet place to work where you won't be disrupted so that we can get the most out of today's learning. Brilliant if you've done that, then we can move on. If not, you can just pause it and then press play when you're ready. Okay. So there are several factors which will influence the structure of a population, and we've seen these when we've been looking at the demographic transition model. We can categorise them into changes in agriculture, so things like mechanisation, what we talked about, machines doing the work of people on farms so you need less people and less children to work on farms, birth rate goes down. We also have education. So we know that if women and girls have better access to education, then they're more likely to focus on work and careers and therefore they'll have children later in life, meaning the birth rate goes down. And there's also improvements in healthcare which will affect both the birth and the death rate as people have better access to better quality healthcare and they're able to live longer and the infant mortality rate reduces. There's also the emancipation of women. The word emancipation, in this context, means a kind of freedom. And so the emancipation of women is about women having a more equal role in society to men. So women no longer being seen as having a role just in a household, women being educated, going to work, et cetera. All of these things will help reduce the birth rate. So, let's see if we've got that. I've got four categories in the table on the board. I've got high BR, which is what I'm writing for birth rate and you're welcome to do that as well. It's just a quicker way of noting it down. So I've got high birth rate, low birth rate, high death rate, and low death rate. I've also got nine factors. What I'd like you to do is I'd like you to categorise each of those factors into either high or low birth rate or high or low death rate. We've done things like this before where you've been able, sometimes, to put one of the factors into more than one of the categories. So something like healthcare improves, number four, we could put that in low birth rate and low death rate. So if you want to put them in multiple and you feel that's the right thing to do, you can absolutely do that. Okay, when you're ready, pause the video and then resume so we can check the answers. Off you go! Brilliant, you finished? Let's have a look at the answers. So, number one, high life expectancy causing an ageing population should go in low birth rate. Number two, contraceptives are not widely available. That goes in high birth rate. Number three, sanitation reduces the incidence of disease, low death rate. If you wanted to put that also in low birth rate because it reduces the amount of infant mortality, then that's absolutely fine as well. 'Cause that does make sense. Number four, healthcare improves. I've put that in low death rate but you can have it in both low birth rate and low death rate. Number five, people do less manual jobs as machinery takes over. Remember, we call this mechanisation and it's likely to reduce the birth rate so I've put that in low birth rate. Number six, equality for women increases, this goes in low birth rate. Number seven, subsistence farming occurs where people farm to feed their families. This is going to increase the birth rate 'cause you'll need more children to support with farming the land. Number eight, poor healthcare. Ah, I've put that in high death rate, but if you wanted to put that in high birth rate as well that would make sense as it would increase the infant mortality and therefore increase the birth rate to replace those children that don't survive. Number nine, famine caused by crop failure. I've put that in high death rate, but again, you could argue it goes in high birth rate as well as it increases infant mortality, just like poor healthcare does. Okay, give yourself a mark out of nine, check them and we'll move on. Okay. So let's see if we can put that understanding into practise. I'm asking you two questions. First one, explain one factor which leads to a high birth rate. Second one, explain one factor which leads to a low death rate. So this is a skill we've looked at a few times in this unit in previous lessons and it's how to explain or how to develop an explanation so the explanation is really secure and really clear and shows good understanding. I'm going to do an example for you first of a slightly different question. So the question I'm going to show you of my example is explain one factor which leads to a low birth rate. Remember, I'll be asking you about high birth rates so it's slightly different, but the way you explain will be like this. One factor which leads to a low birth rate is mechanisation. So that's my point, I get a tick for that. I've given a reason, but I haven't explained it yet and that's what I need to do next. This means that, so that's my explaining phrase, less people are needed to work on farms because, that's another explaining phrase, machines are able to do the work. So I've explained what mechanisation is but I haven't connected it quite to birth rate yet. So I'm going to explain again, I'm going to do my next in the chain of development. Therefore, less children are needed to help with subsistence farming. I think I can go for more. Which means that, final explaining phrase, the birth rate will decrease. So I've managed to make one point, but explain it three, ooh, maybe four times there. I want you to try and do the same. So, if we go back to your task, you need to explain one factor that leads to high birth rate and one factor that leads to a low death rate. I've put some connectives, explaining phrases, on the screen for you, you've got plenty to choose from. We'd like to pause the video now to give you an opportunity to do this, and then we'll resume and move on. So pause the video now, please. Okay. Let's see if you've got that then for sure. Which two of the following will cause birth rate to decrease? I want you to choose two. If you need to pause it, that's absolutely fine. But option one is good healthcare means that infant mortality rate decreases. Option two, contraception is not widely available. Option three, women are educated and more likely to pursue careers. Option four, children are needed to help with subsistence farming. Which two of these cause birth rate to decrease? Choose them now, please. Okay, let's have a look. You should have got... Yeah, that's right, option one, good healthcare means infant mortality decreases, and also option three, well, women are more educated and more likely to pursue career so birth rate goes down. Well done. Okay, so on the screen here, you can see the demographic transition model which is something we looked at in the previous lesson in this unit. We discussed in the previous lesson how if different things happen to the population, it will move through the stages of the demographic transition model. So we talked about, for example, in stage two, the birth rate is still high but the death rate is falling, and the reason the death rate falls in stage two is because healthcare improves. Stage three, the birth rate also begins to fall because the status of women changes, healthcare is better, women are more educated, pursuing careers, contraception is available. All of these things reduce birth rate. But we need to think about what the underpinning reason is for these changes. It's not like all of a sudden, healthcare just improves for no reason. It's linked to money and economic development. So a country will move from stage one all the way through to stage five eventually as it develops economically, as it becomes richer. Because what it can do is it can invest that money, that extra money that it has, as it develops economically into things like healthcare or education. And we know that things like healthcare and education or mechanisation on farms, being able to afford the technology, all of these things will change the birth and the death rates. And if you remember from the previous lesson in this unit, we said stage two and three is probably our developing countries, but stage four and five is our more developed countries. So we can see that actually, if a country goes from being developing to developed, that it will move from stage two/three to stage four/five. So that takes us to our main task for today and the final thing we're going to do. I'm asking you quite a hard question but I'm going to give you some support. So the question is suggest reasons why a country's population may move through the stages of the demographic transition model as they develop. And I've put some sentence starters down here for you. Whether you use those sentence starters or not is up to you. You might use one or two of them. You might just use the first one to get you started. You might read them and then do it your own way or you might use them all. Either way is absolutely fine, they're there to help you if you would like them. So now would be a good time to pause the video, attempt your answer, and then I'll show you what your answer may have looked like. Good luck, off you go! Great, you finished? Super, let's have a look at the answer. So I've put in here in the black text is the sentence starter and then the bolded pink text is the end of that sentence or what the end of sentence may have looked something like. So, a country at stage one has high birth and death rate because healthcare and sanitation are poor so life expectancy is low, and infant mortality is high so people have more babies to replace children that do not survive. The country will move to stage two of the demographic transition model, the DTM is a shorter way to write it, if you've written that, that's absolutely fine, as the death rate falls due to sudden improvements in healthcare and sanitation, meaning people have higher life expectancy. Eventually, the birth rate begins to fall because women's rights improve and they have access to education, careers, and contraception. Also, mechanisation means less children are needed to help on farms. At stage four, birth rate is low because women are more focused on their careers so they have less children, as they have children later in life. Also, the death rate is low here because technology and healthcare have improved so much that life expectancy is now very high. Therefore, most countries move through the demographic transition model because as they become more economically developed, richer, they are able to improve healthcare and education, decreasing both the birth and the death rate. If you need to pause that just to check off a few more things, that's absolutely fine. But if not, let's move on because we're finished for the day. Okay. The last thing for me to say now is thank you very much. I've really enjoyed that, it's been a pleasure as always. Today we did look at how a population structure will change as a country develops and what promotes those changes in population. Next time, we're going to have a look at population structure as it's depicted on population pyramids and how we can see that in a graph and how we can compare those pyramids to learn about different country's population structures. Okay, have a fantastic rest of the day, enjoy your learning, and I'm looking forward to seeing you at the next lesson in this unit. Bye!

Which of the following will lead to a high death rate? Choose two responses.

Which of the following is a characteristic of a country at stage 1 of the demographic transition model?

What causes a country to move to the higher stages of the demographic transition model?

Mechanisation is...

If healthcare improves what is likely to happen...

Lesson 5 - How does the population structure change as a country develops?

This lesson considers how the Demographic Transition Model is linked to economic development and what causes birth and death rates to change.

Population structures change overtime due to economic development.


A range of factors influence birth and death rates.

Geography

Y8 Geography

Key Stage 3

Year 8

Miss

How does the population structure change as a country develops?


Population

UNIT

What are the factors that influence population distribution?

What is the population explosion?

What are the potential consequences of overpopulation?

How do population structures change over time?

What do population pyramids show?

What strategies have been used to try and control population growth?

What are the impacts of an ageing population?

How is the UK managing the ageing population?

What is migration?

How are Mexico and the USA linked?

What factors influence migration?

The impacts of migration

An ageing population is...

The population pyramid for an ageing population will have...

Which TWO of the following are advantages of having an ageing population?

Which TWO of the following are disadvantages of having an ageing population?

Economic migration is...

The following question is about migration

Select THREE push factors from the list below...

A natural increase occurs when the...

Population density is...

If a place is densely populated it has...

Which of the following are physical factors that affect population density? Select three responses.

Lesson overview:How does the population structure change as a country develops?

Population: