This lesson we have looked at global urban change and how this varies around the world. Let's see how well you got on.

The world's population has...

What is the key term for 'an increase in the percentage of a population living in towns or cities'?

Urbanisation is occurring slowest in...

The urban population is currently around 35% in...

On the continent of Africa, urbanisation is...

Global urban change - quiz.

﻿Hello geographers, and welcome to this urban lesson on the factors affecting urbanisation. Urbanisation varies around the world, but it's occurring most rapidly in LIC and NEE countries. Let's find out why. For today's lesson you're going to need a pen, a calculator, ruler, and paper. In a second, I'll ask you to pause. I want you to take a moment to get everything you need and clear away all those distractions around you. Have a think about whether there's somewhere quieter for you to go and work so you're not going to be disturbed. Pause now, and I'll see you back in second. Well done. So the title today is factors affecting the rate of urbanisation. Make sure you underline it neatly with your ruler. It's important for this lesson that we know what urbanisation is. So this is an increase in the percentage of a population living in towns or cities. If this word is new to you, pause now and get it written down. This is a line graph to show the world's urban and rural populations between 1950 and 2050. So the bit of the graph after the blue line were predictions. Urban population is increasing, and this is happening at a rapid rate. However, the rural population has steadied out. They're predicting that it will start to slightly fall, but I want you to go a step further and describe how the world's rural and urban populations have changed over time in a bit more detail. It's a four mark question. To get the marks I would like you to mention the trends of both rural and urban. I would like you to mention the speed of growth, and I would like you to include figures in your writing. So pause the video now for me and complete your task. Right, how did you get on with that graph? You should have that the world's urban population has increased rapidly over time, tick, from around 800 million in 1950 to 4,400 million in 2020, tick. Make sure you include the millions to go with your numbers. For your next two points you needed to talk about rural population. However, while the rural population grew until around 2000, since then it has remained constant at around 3,400 million. So two more ticks. What factors affect the rate of urbanisation? There are two causes of urban growth. Number one is natural increase. The second cause is migration. And we're going to look at both of these in more depth. Natural increase is when the birth rate is much larger than the death rate. So if you had a birth rate of 18 per 1000 per year, like India, but your death rate was only 7 per 1000 per year, what you would find is that your population would increase by 11, and we call that natural increase. So the population is increasing, but births and deaths are natural. So India has a natural increase of 11 per 1000 of the population per year. In Nigeria, that's even higher. They've got a birth rate of 35.2 per 1000 per year. Their death rate is low at just 9.6. That would leave us with a natural increase rate of around 25.6 per 1000 per year. So remind me of what natural increase is. Choose out of those two options. Five seconds. Okay, point to the screen, touch it now. Which one? Natural increase is when the birth rate is larger than the death rate. Let's decide then whether each country is experiencing natural increase or natural decrease. I'm going to do it for the United Kingdom. So we've got the UK has a birth rate of 11 per 1000 per year, and a death rate of 9 per 1000 per year. So the birth rate minus the death rate is two. Well done those of you that got it. This is showing us that natural increase will occur. I would like you now to pause the video, and I would like you to tackle the other four countries yourself. Let's check them out. So, B, 14 minus 6 is 8, giving you natural increase. C was 42 minus 11, giving us 31, which is natural increase. Country D, 17 minus 6 is 11, natural increase. And finally 7 minus 11 is -4. So this doesn't give us natural increase at all. What do you think it does give us? Tell me out loud. It gives us natural decrease. So our population would go down in country E. The countries were Brazil, Somalia, Vietnam, and Japan. So you've got five different countries here. But if we have a look at their GDP, this will help us to explain why. Where we've got natural increase with a rate of 31, we can see that the GDP per capita is incredibly low at just 127 US dollars. In our country where we've got a low natural increase rate, we've got a GDP per capita of 42,300. So what's the pattern with that? What do you notice? Basically, the richer you become, your natural increase rate is going to go down. In which type of countries is natural increase higher? In low income countries or high income countries? Three seconds. And you went low income countries. So natural increase is highest there because they have very high birth rates, but low death rate. Let's move on to have a look at migration. Migration is the movement of people from place to place. Urbanisation is linked to rural to urban migration. Rural areas are the countryside, and urban areas are the towns and cities. So rural to urban migration is the movement of people from rural areas to urban areas. Why does this happen? Let's try and unpick it. We look at push factors. Push factors or negative things that make people want to leave an area. These could include drought, because you can't grow enough crops to feed your family. It is about poverty, conflict, and mechanisation. So mechanisation means that there was less jobs available because so many are being done by machines. Also, another push factor is that there is poor access to healthcare and access to schools in the countryside. Urban areas have many poor factors. These are higher wages. In urban areas like Lay-gos wages can be four times higher than in rural areas. There are many jobs available, and better access to healthcare and schools. You can access electricity and clean water. So push factors make you leave the countryside. They are negative. Pull factors are positive that pull you to move to an area like the city. So your turn for categorising. Are these push or pull factors? So pause the video and please write down whether these are push or pull and then come and join me again. Did you get A, better access to services was a pull factor? B was a push factor. If your crops fail, you can't afford to feed your family. C was a push factor. And finally D. There are many schools and universities, and that is a pull factor. Think you've got it now. Can you draw a table with your ruler so it's neat, and categorise the information below into push and pull factors. Pause the video and I'll see you back when you're done. Right, so the answers you should have are: push factors are climate change, few doctors or hospitals, drought, and schools only providing a basic education. Things that pull you to an area are wages being higher, having a higher standard of living as a result of those higher wages, better medical care and a better chance of education. So we've had some examples of push and pull factors, but let's analyse this photo. This is an urban area. Can you now just pause and I want you to spend 10 seconds. Can you see if you can identify at least three poor factors of this location? Right, let's see what you spotted. First thing I can see is I can see electricity, wires and light, so there's electricity. This can boost your business. There is good transport links, which means you can potentially travel further to get to a stronger job. I can see a road of shops and facilities. These facilities are going to pull people to an area because it means they've got access to the things they need. Finally, I can see a signpost advertising some events. That sign advertised the woman's shopping carnival. So now we've talked about the pull factors. Let's have a look at the push factors. We're now in a rural area. Pause here. See if you can come up with three things. What's going to push you to leave this area if you were living here? Okay, I think it's quite beautiful, but I can see that it might push me to leave because it's very isolated. I can only see a couple of roads. If it's isolated, that's going to make trade really difficult. Schools are likely to be a long way. We can see that the population density is low. So some of these children may end up walking a long way to get to school each day. I can't see any pylons, so I'm going to suggest that there is no electricity. And finally, I can see the terracing, which suggest their farming. Farming can be a push factor because you receive low wages compared to what you could make in the city. So we've learned lots of key terms. Let's make sure we write them down, matching the key term to its definition. Here's the key terms that you need. Pause the video now, and I'll see you back when you're ready. Let's see how you got on. urbanisation is an increase in the percentage of a population living in towns or cities. Rural to urban migration is the movement of people from rural areas to urban areas. Push factors are positive factors that make people want to move to an area. Pull factors are negative factors that make people want to leave an area. And finally, natural increase is when a population increases as the birth rate is higher than the death rate. I really love this photo, it's so colourful. I could spend hours looking at what's going on. Using the photo and your own understanding, explain the factors affecting the rate of urbanisation. It's a four mark question. So I'm looking for you to come up with two ideas. I would like those ideas developed. This means that there are four, and for one of them, you need to have a specific reference to the photo. Pause now, best of luck, and I'll see you in about four minutes. Right, let's check them off. The photo shows a busy street market in India, lined each side with market stores. This suggests that urbanisation has occurred due to rural to urban migration, tick. People have moved to the cities to find work. Another factor is natural increase, where birth rates are currently higher than death rates. This is because many LICs and NEEs have youthful populations with a high birth rate and advances in medical care have caused the death rate to fall. Tick. Well, that brings us to the end of today's lesson. You showed a great natural increase in your knowledge on the topic. We looked at why urbanisation is so rapid in developing countries. Both natural increase and rural to urban migration are responsible. We calculated natural increase and worked out that it's highest in LICs. And some HICs were actually experiencing natural decrease, as well as some of us undergoing counter urbanisation, fed up of the hustle and bustle in city life. But before you go, I need you to ensure that your learning doesn't migrate to the nearest city, leaving you, forgetting everything. Revisit it by clicking on the next tab and completing the end of lesson quiz. I look forward to seeing how you got on today. Thank you so much for your time. I can't wait to see you soon as we move to have a look at how this rapid urbanisation has led to mega cities. Have a great day.

We've looked at how natural increase and migration can influence urbanisation. Let's put all that hard work to the test in this quiz...

The percentage of people living in urban areas is...

Natural increase occurs when...

Which is the pull factor?

Access to health care is poor. Is this a....

The UK has a birth rate of 11 per 1000 people per year and a death rate of 9 per 1000 people per year. They are experiencing...

Factors affecting the rate of urbanisation - quiz.

In this lesson, we will looklat the factors affecting the rate of urbanisation. We will consider migration and natural increase and how they make our cities larger.

Lesson overview:Factors affecting the rate of urbanisation

Understanding global urbanisation: