This quiz will assess your knowledge from the previous lesson and previous lessons.

What is meant by sustainable development?

Which is of the below is an example of a natural product from the Earth?

What is a renewable resource?

What is the purpose of life cycle assessments (LCAs)?

Which of these is a possible effect on the environment?

What is the first step in water treatment?

Is sea water safe to drink?

Exam Skills - Compare and Evaluate

﻿Hello, and welcome to another lesson in the Using Resources topic. Today's lesson, we are looking at Kitty Hach-Darrow who was our water analysis entrepreneur. Please make sure that you have a pen and a piece of paper ready and that your phone is on silent and at one side so that you don't get distracted. So once you're ready, let's go. So to start off with, we're going to look at the early life of Kitty. We will then move on and look at her time at university before we look at the start of the Hach Company. And we will finish off the lesson by recapping the importance of potable water. So the early life of Kitty. So Kitty was born in 1922 and at the age of five, she knew she wanted to be a pilot. She was lucky enough that her family owned a small aeroplane. During the great depression in 1929, Kitty's family unfortunately lost their family business. And after the great depression, the family then bought a farm. Kitty's mum was a school teacher and it was through her mum's teaching career that Kitty knew that she wanted to go to further education and that she wanted to go to university to study. So Kitty went to Iowa State University and she studied home economics. However, during her early time at the university, she quickly became inspired by a chemist. And it was during her time at Iowa State University that she met her husband, Cliff Hach. Now, during their time that they were dating, Cliff Hach was an avid chemist and he believed that chemistry was the key to success in life. And on one of their dates, he gave Kitty the book "Without Fame" and the "Without Fame" book was promoting the message of building a chemical company and this is what Cliff really wanted to do, once he finished university. He wanted to build his own chemical company. Now, after both Kitty and Cliff finished university, the job market was really poor and they both struggled to get a job. However, Cliff managed to find himself a part-time job analysing water at a filtration company. It was during his time that he was working for the filtration company, when he saw an advert for a local business, where they were looking for somebody to design a piece of machinery which would produce a continuous supply of carbon dioxide. The company were interested in producing carbon dioxide fire extinguishers. So Cliff managed to design this machine which supplied a constant supply of carbon dioxide. And the company came to see the machine which he had designed and they were so impressed with it that they wanted to buy his design. And they gave him 15,000 pound for the patent for his piece of machinery. So with this 15,000 pounds that he got for the patent for his machine, he was able to start the Hach Company with his now wife, Kitty. So the 15,000 pound, he spent 1,700 of it to buy a building for the start of his Hach Company. And what their company based their ideas on was that they were going to sell water analysis kits by mail. And so Kitty played a vital role in the selling of the water analysis kits. She flew the company plane because she was now a trained pilot. She flew the company plane all across America to local airfields and from there, she would go to various different events where she started to promote the company and the water analysis kits that they made. To begin with, the Hach Company targeted middle-size water treatment plants, so they targeted the plants which were treating water for local populations of up to a 100,000 people. And what they produced was packaged equipment and processes needed to do tests in the water treatment plants to check that the water was safe for consumption. And the whole basis of their company, what they wanted these water analysis kits to be able to do was that they could be used by anyone who could read. So they were really focusing on the simplicity of these water analysis kits. So here is a picture of Kitty Hach-Darrow in the early 2000s. So the Hach Company, they were pivotal in producing standardised water purification tests that could be used across the United States. They pioneered world standard instruments for the water analysis process. And most importantly, the tests which they produced were simple and effective. And Cliff Hachs said that it's really important as a result of the company, we get better water from better chemistry. And the equipment that they produced and the water analysis test that they designed are able to detect impurities in water at a parts per billion level. So what role did Kitty have in the company's success? So whereas Cliff's job was all about the chemistry and the design and the production of equipment, Kitty's role was handling the management of the growing company and the marketing. And she was directly involved in the mail marketing campaign. As I've mentioned previously, she flew the company plane across America and went to all these different events to promote their company. During her time at Hach Company, she was president, she was their chief operating officer and then she was CEO of the company. So in the latter part of Kitty's life, in 1998 she was nominated for the Ernst and Young Entrepreneur of The Year Award. And the company, the Hach Company was sold in 1999 for $355 million. So remember, Cliff and Kitty started the company with $15,000. They went on then to sell it for $355 million. And she unfortunately passed away in June, 2020. So we're going to do a series of quick fire questions, just to see what you have learnt so far. So Hach was set up using money from an invention where oxygen was constantly produced. Well done if you selected false. Okay, Hach was set up using money from an invention where carbon dioxide was constantly produced and this carbon dioxide production was then used to produce a carbon dioxide fire extinguisher. Hach is a company which focuses on water analysis. Well done if you selected true. Hach enables impurities to be detected in water at parts per million levels. Well done if you selected false. Hach enables impurities to be detected in water at parts per billion levels. The company was started with $15,000 and sold for $355 million. Well done if you selected true. So we're just going to recap the importance of potable water. So remember, pure water contains just water. It's a hundred percent H20, nothing else is added. Potable water is water which is safe to drink but it contains some dissolved impurities, such as mineral ions. So we're going to just recap some statistics of the importance of potable water across the world. So 785 million people don't have clean water close to home. 31% of schools globally don't have clean water. Diarrhoea caused by dirty water and poor toilets kills a child under five every two minutes. Every minute, a newborn dies from infection caused by lack of safe water and an unclean environment. So these statistics were taken from the Water Aid website. So the work which the Hach Company have done in producing water analysis kits has been monumental globally in testing water to ensure that it is safe for people to drink. So we're going to recap how water is made safe to drink. So this is a water treatment plant. So first thing that happens is that the water is screened and the screen removes large objects. Second thing that happens is that the water is passed through a coarse filter and this enables smaller objects to be removed. The water then moves into a sedimentation tank where the sand and the soil settle to the bottom, so that you are just left with liquid water which is able to pass into the next tank. In the next tank, there is a fine filter where again, smaller particles are able to be removed from the water before it moves on to the sterilisation process. Remember, sterilisation is when harmful microorganisms are killed. So sterilisation can occur through the addition of chlorine, through the addition of ozone, or through passing the water through UV lights. All three of those will kill harmful microorganisms, so that the water is then safe to drink. What then happens is that the water passes into a storage tank where it's kept until it's pumped out to homes, factories, businesses, et cetera. So a series of quick fire questions. So only pure water is safe to drink. Well done if you selected false. Potable water is safe to drink. Potable water contains dissolved mineral ions. Well done if you selected true. The first step in making water safe to drink is sterilisation. Well done if you selected false. Remember, the first step in making water safe to drink is the screening process. The final step is sterilisation. Which of the following cannot be used to sterilise water? Well done if you selected bromine. It is only chlorine, ozone and UV light which can be used to sterilise water. So, we have got five recall questions, which is all to do with pure versus potable water and potable water treatment. If you can please pause the video now to answer the questions and then press play once you are finished, so that we can mark that. So please press pause now. Fantastic, let's mark your work and see how you got on. So please pause the video now to nark your work, make sure you correct anything you didn't get right and then press play once you are done. Okay. So let's recap the key points from this lesson. So Kitty and her husband founded the Hach Company which focused on water analysis. While her husband focused on the chemistry side of the business, Kitty was responsible for the management and marketing of the company. Potable water contains dissolved impurities but it is safe to drink. And water treatment involves removal of any objects, as well as sterilisation to kill harmful microorganisms. Well done on all your hard work this lesson. Please make sure that you now click next to complete the quiz for this lesson.

This quiz will assess your knowledge from this lesson and previous lessons.

Cliff Hach made a machine which produced a constant supply of a gas. He was able to sell the machine for $15,000. What gas did the machine produce?

What size treatment plants did Hach target to begin with?

What 2 features were the water analysis tests designed to have?

At what level can impurities be detected in water due to the Hach company?

Is potable water safe to drink?

Which of the 3 below can be used as sterilising agents in the treatment of potable water?

Kitty Hach Darrow

A look at the work of Kitty Hach Darrow on water purification methods

This lesson will look at the role that Kitty Hach Darrow played in the development of water analysis through the Hach company. We will also recap the importance of potable water.

Lesson overview:Case study: Kitty Hach Darrow

Using Resources (FT):