﻿Hallo there, my name is Mr. Foster. And welcome to your lesson on a Low Income Country that use tourism to reduce development gap: Kenya. You going to need a pen and a paper, can you also make sure an alert on notifications is switched off, and you're in a quite place away from distractions. Once those things are sorted, we'll begin. So next lesson, we'll start by looking at Kenya's levels of development compared to the UK. We look at why tourist visit Kenya, the reasons they are so popular, and then we'll look at the advantages and disadvantages that Kenya use in tourism to close the development gap has created. We begin by looking at Kenya's level of development and in particular comparing Kenya to the UK. Kenya is an LIC the UK is a HIC. In terms of economic measures, Kenya's GNI per capital is only just over a $1000 whereas the UK is just over $45,000 clearly the UK has a much higher GNI per capital than Kenya. In terms of section indicators, we can see life expectancy, literacy rate and the HDI score the combined composite measure, that Kenya is far less developed than the UK on those three measures as well. Overall the data clearly shows us Kenya is at the lower end of development gap. And Kenya clearly needs to use strategies, in order to improve this whole level of development. So why do tourists visit Kenya? What is it about Kenya that attracts tourists and enables them to use tourism to reduce development gap? Firstly, tourists visit Kenya for the sandy beaches and the tropical climate. Kenya is hot and sunny pretty much every single day. Kenya has got beautiful sandy beaches particularly on the Indian Coast. And it's Mombasa. Tourist visit Kenya to go on safari. Most tourists are hoping to see the Big Five; Lion, Buffalo, Leopard, Elephant and Rhino. Tourists hope to see these animals in their natural habitats as the safari is extremely popular activity with tourists in Kenya. Tourists wants to see world famous Landscapes. The Great Rift Valley, Mt.Kenya these are famous across the world. Great Rift Valley is somewhere where some of humanity's earliest ancestors fossils were discovered. People want to see these places. And people visit at Kenya to see groups of nomadic peoples like the Maasai. They welcome tourists to experience their culture, their traditions, their lifestyle in exchange for a fee which they can then use to improve their lives. Kenya clearly wants to attract tourists, because tourists spend money in as well to improve their level of development, so Kenya has used a range of strategies to increase tourisms. Firstly, the government encouraged tourism by reducing visa fees of the country by 50%, making it much cheaper to go on holiday. The government also removed fees for children entirely which encourages more families to visit. Tourists are paying less money to visit Kenya than they were in the past making it a more attractive destination. In addition, landing fees for airlines have been dropped. Airports from the Kenyan coast to attract people to places like Mombasa. Here we can see Mombasa Airport. By doing this, airlines are more likely to run flights to Mombasa, and therefore tourists are more likely to view that as a potential destination. Consequently, tourism has increased. From under a million visitors in 1995, to just over 2 million visitors in 2019. Significant increase, and one that has had significant benefit to Kenya's economy. So think hard about the following statements and choose what you think is the best answer. Kenya is more developed than the UK. Is that true or false. And the answer is false. Kenya is a LIC and the UK is a HIC. The UK's GNI capital is $45,350, Kenya's GNI capital is.. read the four options choose what you think is the correct answer. And the answer is $1,090. Which of the following is not a common reason tourists visit Kenya? Pause if need be, read through the four options, think hard and choose what you think is the correct answer. Option three is not a common reason tourists visit Kenya. Kenya still hosts international football matches and other sporting events, but major international sporting events don't end up happening in Kenya where there's tropical climate, safaris, and cultural experiences as often the tourists are enjoying year after year. Kenya has attempted to increase tourism by reducing fees for tourists and their families. Is that true or false? And the answer is true. Since 1995 the number of tourists visiting Kenya has.. Read the four options think hard, choose the one that you think is correct. The correct answer is option four. Tourist numbers have increased significantly to just over 2 million. So, a short written task: Using the image and your knowledge identify two reasons why people would choose to visit Kenya for two marks. Pause here and complete your task. And here we have model answer... people choose to visit Kenya for the tropical climate shown in the image. People also visit Kenya for the chance to see the Big Five animals on a safari. This would achieve full marks, you could also mention the cultural experiences, visiting tribes like the Maasai, you could also mention the world famous Landscapes like the Great Rift Valley or Mt.Kenya. You must be careful because this questions specifies using the image and your knowledge to whatever two reasons you choose, one of them, directly refers to the image. The image demonstrates sandy beach, and a beautiful day, so therefor we can mention the tropical climate, or we can mention beautiful beaches, that has to be one of our options to pick up for marks, and then one of the other three options which we've discussed Previously. Moving on, tourism has significantly increased in Kenya to just over 2 million visitors per year, consequently this has had advantages for Kenya. Tourism now contribute 12% Kenyan economy providing tax incomes to the government for development. The more money the government has the more they can invest in education, in healthcare, in infrastructure, in clean water supplies, all of which improve quality of life in their rule of development in the country. 600,000 people are employed either directly or indirectly in tourism industries. Consequently they are making money, from tourism and when they spend that money, of a people within their economy. All making money through tourism. This is known as the multiplier effect. When money spent in one area of an economy, then ends up being spent in other areas of the economy and has a much wider benefit and a positive local effect. 24 national parks now protect endangered animals by using entry fees from tourists. Tourism is enabling Kenya to protect endangered species By providing those funds. Finally Kenya's HDI has increased from 0.45 to 0.59 since the year 2000. Showing an improved quality of life. Remember HDI is based on GNI capital, is based on literacy rate, and is based on life expectancy. So therefore Kenya has seen significant improvement in all three of those areas, in order for that HDI score to increase by that level. However, tourism has caused some disadvantages for Kenya. Most of the profit from tourism goes to tour operators who are based in HICs. This means there's less money for Kenya to close development gap. And less money to invest in projects which will improve overall and also promote development. Secondly, nomadic people like the Maasai have been forced to settle in one place loosing an important part of their culture. To be nomadic means to move. And therefore if the Maasai have been forced to settle then there are their culture has been lost. Which is a significant part of their culture. Large hotels are using up local water supplies causing drought in some areas. Tourism countries like the UK have very high expectations when they go to a country like Kenya. They expect a swimming pool, they expect baths, they expect showers, they expect the quality of life that they are used to at home. And that means that the pressure on services such as water, is far greater than what would be over wise and therefor there is a risk of travelling some areas. Finally, safari vehicles damaging savanna grasslands, destroying vegetation and disturbing animals. Safaris are having a detrimental effect to the very animals which they're coming to visit. So, a task: identify the advantages and disadvantages tourism has caused when used to improve development in Kenya. There are four advantages and four disadvantages, pause here to categorise and then continue with the video once you're ready to check your answers. And here we have our four advantages and our four disadvantages check against what you thought the answers were before moving. And finally, your main task: 1. Explain one way Kenya has been successful in using tourism to reduce development gap for three marks. 2. Explain one way Kenya has not been successful in using tourism to reduce development gap again for three marks. In order to do well in these questions success criteria: identify one strategy used by Kenya to encourage tourism. Explain how it does or if you're in question two doesn't close the development gap. In the latter additional layer of development double develop your point to make sure that you're achieving three marks for this explain question. Pause here, complete the task and then we check against the model answer. And here we have a model answer for number one. Kenya has over 600,000 people employed in tourism either directly of indirectly. This mean people and their families have a reliable level of income, and this can then be invested in improving their level of development, through spending on healthcare or education. This is three mark concept because it identifies the way Kenya has been using tourism, to close the development gap it explains how that has helped improving overall incomes and it double develops it by identifying how they going to use that income therefor earning three marks. On question two, explain one way Kenya has not been successful in using tourism to reduce development gap. A significant amount of the profit from tourism in Kenya is kept by tour companies in HICs such as the UK. This means that although Kenyans suffers the negative impact of tourism, it does not receive as much income as it should. As a result the Kenyan government does not have as much money to invest in reducing the development gap which slows the increase in levels of development. This identifies a problem caused by tourism profit being lost to countries like the UK, and this then explains it with the double development point Kenya's government doesn't receive as much income and can therefor not end up reducing the development gap. Clearly again, three marks out of three for this answer. So, that brings us to the end of our lesson on an LIC using tourism to close development gap: Kenya we looked at Kenya's level of development compared to the UK, we looked at why tourists wants to visit Kenya, what the Kenyan government has done to attract those tourists and the advantages and disadvantages that this has caused for Kenya. I hope you've enjoyed this lesson, please make sure to complete the quiz and I'll look forward to seeing you in subsequent lessons if you could. Goodbye.

In this lesson, we will look at how Kenya is using tourism to reduce the development gap. We will cover reasons why people visit Kenya, specific strategies used by the government to encourage tourism, and how this had both positive and negative outcomes in reducing the development gap.

Geography

Y10 Geography

Key Stage 4

Year 10

An LIC using tourism to close the development gap: Kenya

The development gap

UNIT

Physical causes of uneven development

Economic and historic causes of uneven development

Consequences of uneven development

Strategies to reduce the development gap (Part 1)

Strategies to reduce the development gap (Part 2)

Strategies to reduce the development gap (Part 3)

Lesson overview: An LIC using tourism to close the development gap: Kenya

Intro Quiz

Video

Exit Quiz

Transcript

7 lessons in The development gap: